Crops Intensification to Reduce Wheat Gap in Egypt

Ouda, Samiha; Zohry, Abd El-Hafeez

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46942-3_4

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Zohry and Ouda (2016) showed that grain yield and water productivity increased in wheat grown in raised beds compared with conventionally grown wheat and estimated that the water savings ranged in 20-46%. Ouda and Zohry (2017) also reported that shifting from old cultivation methods to raised beds can reduce irrigated water use by 20% and increase yield by 15%. In Egypt, growing wheat in raised beds can achieve a 17% increase in yield that meets 68% of national wheat consumption.…”

Section: Raised Bed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

Abdelmageed

Chang

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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Wheat was the first crop grown in Egypt, and it remains highly important. Egypt is the largest wheat importer in the world and consumes an extensive amount of bread. It is imperative for wheat scientists to decrease the large gap between production and consumption. Wheat yields in Egypt increased 5.8-fold (6.7 billion kg) between 1961 and 2017 due to variety improvement and the use of better planting methods such as the raised bed method, ideal sowing date, surge flow irrigation and farm irrigation systems, laser levelling, fertilizers, and intercropping with raised beds. In this paper, the development of wheat production techniques and variety evolution over more than five decades in Egypt have been analyzed. In particular, we have focused on the technologies, cultural practices and causes for per unit area yield increase. The main purpose was to study the issues that have arisen during wheat production and to make recommendations for smart agricultural practices. In 1981, the yield was 3 300 kg ha -1 and through the improvement of varieties, expansion of agricultural land and the adoption of modern agricultural techniques yield reached 6 500 kg ha -1 by 2017. The production growth rate was 4.1% annually, and the total grain yield increased 4.3-fold, from 1.9 billion kg in 1981 to about 8.1 billion kg in 2017. The use of new improved varieties, new cultivation techniques, and modern irrigation techniques contributed to 97.0% of the increase in yield per unit area and 1.5% of the increase in yield was due to planting area expansion. Therefore, the increase in total yield mainly depended on the increase in yield per unit area. Wheat production in Egypt has been improved through the development of breeding and cultivation techniques. The use of these new techniques, the popularization of new high-quality seed varieties, and the use of the raised bed method instead of the old method of planting in basins have made the largest contributions to increased yield. In the future, wheat yield could be further increased by using the tridimensional uniform sowing mode and the development of wheat varieties that are resistant to rusts, deficit irrigation, and abiotic stress, that are highly adaptable to mechanized operation and have high yields. Based on our analysis, we propose the main technical

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Section: Raised Bed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

Abdelmageed

Chang

Wang

et al. 2019

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of modern irrigation techniques, such as the cultivation of wheat on raised beds, irrigating wheat with sprinklers or intercropping with other crops such as tomato, cotton or sugar beet could increase yields, reducing the water footprint per ton of product and potentially reducing the wheat production-consumption gap by more than 20% (Ouda & Zohry, 2017). The general adoption of raised-bed wheat production in Egypt could lead into a 25% increase in productivity due to higher yields, 50% lower seed costs, a 25% reduction in water use, and lower labor costs (Alwang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the interplay between water and food systems in arid and semi-arid environments: the case of Egypt

et al. 2021

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Food system analysis in arid and semi-arid countries inevitably meets water availability as a major constraining food system driver. Many such countries are net food importers using food subsidy systems, as water resources do not allow national food self-sufficiency. As this leaves countries in a position of dependency on international markets, prices and export bans, it is imperative that every domestic drop of water is used efficiently. In addition, policies can be geared towards ‘water footprints’, where water use efficiency is not just evaluated at the field level but also at the level of trade and import/export. In this paper, Egyptian food systems are described based on production, distribution and consumption statistics, key drivers and food system outcomes, i.e., health, sustainable land and water use, and inclusiveness. This is done for three coarsely defined Egyptian food systems: traditional, transitional and modern. A water footprint analysis then shows that for four MENA countries, differences occur between national green and blue water volumes, and the volumes imported through imported foods. Egypt has by far the largest blue water volume, but on a per capita basis, other countries are even more water limited. Then for Egypt, the approach is applied to the wheat and poultry sectors. They show opportunities but also limitations when it comes to projected increased water and food needs in the future. An intervention strategy is proposed that looks into strategies to get more out of the food system components production, distribution and consumption. On top of that food subsidy policies as well as smart water footprint application may lead to a set of combined policies that may lead to synergies between the three food system outcomes, paving the way to desirable food system transformation pathways.

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“…The correlation coefficient (r) between the calibration set and Perten DA7250 NIR readings was 0.964 for crude protein (% dry basis). Total leaf worldwide, is one of the ME1 regions that also suffer from a 49% gap between wheat consumption and production (Ouda and Zohry, 2017;Elbasyoni, 2018). Furthermore, the Egyptian government seeks to increase wheat grain production by 40% in the next few years by cultivating newly reclaimed lands and using higher yielding genotypes while minimizing losses through improvements in postharvest handling, transportation, and storage (Wally, 2015).…”

Section: Phenotypic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Deprivation and Excessive Application of Nitrogen on Nitrogen Use Efficiency‐Related Traits Using Wheat Cultivars, Lines, and Landraces

et al. 2019

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The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) has identified the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) irrigated area in the developing countries, which includes Egypt as Mega‐environment 1 (ME1). Agriculture intensification is expected to take place in this region to keep up with a continuously growing population, which might lead to more N application and losses because of the low N use efficiency (NUE) observed in this area. A panel of 40 wheat accessions including 10 commercially grown cultivars (CGCs), 10 elite lines from the CIMMYT, and 20 landraces from Egypt and Ethiopia were evaluated for grain yield (GY), grain protein content (GPC), NUE, agronomic NUE (AGNUE), stem rust, leaf rust, plant height (PH), leaf area, and total chlorophyll content (TCC), under four N levels. The panel was planted in two growing seasons (i.e., 2015–2016 and 2016–2017) and two locations. The results indicated that most of the CGCs were considered N efficient and N responsive. On the other hand, most landraces were N inefficient and nonresponsive because they produced higher GPC, PH, and TCC but had lower GY, AGNUE, and NUE. Furthermore, the landraces were less sensitive to the excessive N supply. ‘Sakha 94’, a commercially grown cultivar, was the most N efficient and N responsive; hence, it produced the highest GY at all N levels. The overall results might be scaled up to cover other Mediterranean basin regions that have similar environmental conditions.

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Crops Intensification to Reduce Wheat Gap in Egypt

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

Unravelling the interplay between water and food systems in arid and semi-arid environments: the case of Egypt

Effect of Deprivation and Excessive Application of Nitrogen on Nitrogen Use Efficiency‐Related Traits Using Wheat Cultivars, Lines, and Landraces

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