Cropping Systems of Fenugreek with Faba Bean to Reduce Broomrape Infestation 

Abstract

Background: Broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a major threat to faba bean and an important danger parasite. An intercropping is a necessity to curb the spread and progress of the parasite before it leads to much more economic losses. The current study was aimed to evaluate intercropping of fenugreek with faba bean under two plant densities of both crops on broomrape incidence to increase faba bean yield, land usage and economic return in heavy soil infestation of broomrape.Methods: This study was carried out at Giza Agricultural Research Station (Lat. 30°002 303 N, Long. 31°122 433 E, 26 m a.s.l), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. During the winter season of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, sixteen treatments were the combinations between two ridge widths (60 “narrow” and 120 cm “wide”) and six cropping systems (50% faba bean + 50% fenugreek, 100% faba bean + 50% fenugreek, 50% faba bean + 100% fenugreek, 100% faba bean + 100% fenugreek, 50% sole faba bean and 100% sole faba bean), as well as sole plantings of fenugreek under heavy soil infestation of broomrape. A split-plot design with three replicates was used. Ridge widths were assigned in the main plots and cropping systems were arranged in sub plots. Result: Growing faba bean plants in wide ridges had physical barriers with stamping of the vascular system against the parasite. 50% faba bean + 100% fenugreek had higher soil total phenols in faba bean rhizosphere than the others. Growing 50% faba bean + 100% fenugreek in wide ridges had lower number of spikes per m2 and spikes dry weight per m2, meanwhile, growing 100% faba bean + 100% fenugreek in wide ridges had higher seed yields of both crops per ha, land usage and economic return. Growing two rows of faba bean (100% of sole cropping) in both sides of wide ridge (120 cm width) with four rows of fenugreek (100% of sole cropping) in middle of the ridge could be an integrated control strategy to increase faba bean productivity, land usage and economic return under heavily soil infested of broomrape.

The Integrated Management of Broomrape Weed in Faba bean Under Naturally Infested Soil Conditions

“…Under naturally infested soil conditions by broomrape, it could be observed that delaying sowing dates significantly increased the biological yield (ton/fed) in both seasons. These findings were consistent with those obtained by El-Degwy et al (2010), El-Ghareib et al (2019), and Abdel-Wahab and Eman (2021. Results in Table ( 6) clarified a significant differences among three faba bean cultivars in the biological yield (ton/fed) in both seasons.…”

“…Consequently, faba bean plants grown under these treatments have low exposure to stress from the broomrape parasitic weeds, which reflects on plant vigor, formation of assimilates and its translocation from source to sink, allowing them to produce the highest number of pods/plant under these conditions. These results took the same trend as those recorded by Bakheit et al (2002), Ghalwash et al (2012), El-Mergawi andEl-Dabaa (2021), andAbdel-Wahab andEman (2021). The interaction between sowing dates and cultivars (S × C) was significant on the number of pods/plant in both seasons.…”

Designing of Solid State SIW Antenna for 5G Application

“…Furthermore, it is possible to scale more than one chip sets on the same substrate. There is no any issue in mounting component which is fabricated with different technologies, so it reduces losses and parasitic losses (5).…”

“…Where, = ( ) ( ) [5] Figure 5 illustrates the U-shape slotted patch antenna layout whose complete geometry is centered around U-shape slot whose positional variations are the deciding parameters of frequency of antenna design (15). Calculation of holes and their position is decided by trial and error method (16).…”

Intercropping Perennial Fruit Trees and Annual Field Crops with Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (MAPs) in the Mediterranean Basin

“…crenata crop allelopathic effect [94]. Using fenugreek in different plant densities and ridge widths, it was shown that two rows of faba bean (100% of sole cropping) on both sides of a wide ridge (120 cm width) with four rows of fenugreek (100% of sole cropping) in the middle of the ridge, could be an integrated control strategy to increase faba bean productivity, land usage and economic return whilst reducing broomrape infestation [95].…”