Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization Impact on Surface Residue, Soil Carbon Sequestration, and Crop Yields

Sainju, Upendra M.

doi:10.2134/agronj14.0026

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Nitrogen fertilization can increase crop yields and N uptake compared with no N fertilization. This has been documented for malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) (Figures 1 and 2, Table 1) by various researchers in Georgia and Montana, USA [9,10,14]. It is not unusual to achieve higher crop yield with increased N fertilization rate due to increased soil N availability [11].…”

Section: Crop Yields Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen-use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Crop yields, however, can remain at similar level or decline with further increase in N rates after reaching the maximum yield. Sainju [9] observed that annualized grain and biomass yields of barley and pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their C content maximized at 80 kg N ha À1 and then declined, as N rate increased to 120 kg N ha À1 (Figure 1). Similarly, Sainju et al [10] reported that malt barley yield and N uptake increased from 0 to 40 kg N ha À1 and then declined with further increase in N rates in no-till and conventional till malt barley-fallow rotation (Figure 2).…”

Section: Crop Yields Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen-use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sainju [9] observed different trends of soil organic C at the 0-120 cm depth with 6 years of N fertilization rates in various cropping systems in eastern Montana, USA ( Figure 5). Soil organic C at 0-5 and 5-10 cm peaked at 40 kg N ha À1 and then declined with further increase in N rates in no-till malt barley-pea (NTB-P) and continuous no-till barley (NTCB).…”

Section: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Fertilization I: Impact on Crop, Soil, and Environment

Sainju¹,

Ghimire²,

Pradhan³

2020

Nitrogen Fixation

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Nitrogen (N) is a major limiting nutrient to sustain crop yields and quality. As a result, N fertilizer is usually applied in large quantity to increase crop production throughout the world. Application of N fertilizers has increased crop yields and resulted in achievement of self-sufficiency in food production in many developing countries. Excessive application of N fertilizers beyond crops' demand, however, has resulted in undesirable consequences of degradation in soil, water, and air quality. These include soil acidification, N leaching in groundwater, and emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Long-term application of ammonia-based N fertilizers, such as urea, has increased soil acidity which rendered to soil infertility where crops fail to respond with further application of N fertilizers. Another problem is the groundwater contamination of nitrate-N (NO 3-N) which can be a health hazard to human and livestock if its concentration goes above 10 mg L À1 in drinking water. The third problem is emissions of N 2 O gas which is 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide in terms of global warming potential. This chapter examines the effect of N fertilization on soil and environmental quality and crop yields.

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Section: Crop Yields Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen-use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Crop Yields Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen-use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Fertilization I: Impact on Crop, Soil, and Environment

Sainju¹,

Ghimire²,

Pradhan³

2020

Nitrogen Fixation

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“…Also, despite the numerically lower erodible fraction for soil managed with conservation tillage compared with CT, Van Pelt et al [65] concluded that the protective mantle of crop residue is crucial to preventing erosion in the North American Central Great Plains. Conservation tillage also reduces soil compaction by increasing root growth and SOC [66], soil erosion by increasing surface residue cover [67], fuel costs for tillage, and potential global warming by increasing soil C sequestration [68] by conserving more soil water and increasing crop yields [29,44,47]. Although successful conservation tillage may require higher N fertilization because of enhanced N immobilization due to increased surface residue accumulation [69], benefits for mitigating soil degradation by increasing SOC and reducing soil compaction and erosion outweigh limitations.…”

Section: Tillage Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Soil Degradation: Processes, Practices, and Mitigating Strategies

2015

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Soil can be degraded by several natural or human-mediated processes, including wind, water, or tillage erosion, and formation of undesirable physical, chemical, or biological properties due to industrialization or use of inappropriate farming practices. Soil degradation occurs whenever these processes supersede natural soil regeneration and, generally, reflects unsustainable resource management that is global in scope and compromises world food security. In North America, soil degradation preceded the catastrophic wind erosion associated with the dust bowl during the 1930s, but that event provided the impetus to improve management of soils degraded by both wind and water erosion. Chemical degradation due to site specific industrial processing and mine spoil contamination began to be addressed during the latter half of the 20th century primarily through point-source water quality concerns, but soil chemical degradation and contamination of surface and subsurface water due to on-farm non-point pesticide and nutrient management practices generally remains unresolved. Remediation or prevention of soil degradation requires integrated management solutions that, for agricultural soils, include using cover crops or crop residue management to reduce raindrop impact, maintain higher infiltration rates, increase soil water storage, and ultimately increase crop production. By increasing plant biomass, and potentially soil organic carbon OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 2937(SOC) concentrations, soil degradation can be mitigated by stabilizing soil aggregates, improving soil structure, enhancing air and water exchange, increasing nutrient cycling, and promoting greater soil biological activity.

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“…Appropriate OM retention and NT systems are critical to maintain both OM and nutrients in the soil in all feedstock production systems. While fertilization replaces nutrients removed from sites through harvesting, it does not directly replace OM, although synthetic fertilizers have been found to enhance SOM on some sites by increasing productivity and litter/root return to the soil (Gregorich et al 1996;Malhi et al 2006;Sainju 2014;Vance 2000). Site productivity can therefore be maintained or increased with synthetic fertilizers, although forest applications are discouraged in one certification process in a few jurisdictions (Forest Stewardship Council; FSC 2014) and is not permitted as a part of normal forest management activities in another (Ontario, Canada; OMNRF 2015).…”

Section: Nutrient Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical Research Priorities for Sustainable Biofuel and Bioenergy Feedstock Production in the Americas

Gollany

Titus

Asbjornsen

et al. 2015

Environmental Management

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Rapid expansion in biomass production for biofuels and bioenergy in the Americas is increasing demand on the ecosystem resources required to sustain soil and site productivity. We review the current state of knowledge and highlight gaps in research on biogeochemical processes and ecosystem sustainability related to biomass production. Biomass production systems incrementally remove greater quantities of organic matter, which in turn affects soil organic matter and associated carbon and nutrient storage (and hence long-term soil productivity) and off-site impacts. While these consequences have been extensively studied for some crops and sites, the ongoing and impending impacts of biomass removal require management strategies for ensuring that soil properties and functions are sustained for all combinations of crops, soils, sites, climates, and management systems, and that impacts of biomass management (including off-site impacts) are environmentally acceptable. In a changing global environment, knowledge of cumulative impacts will also become increasingly important. Long-term experiments are essential for key crops, soils, and management systems because short-term results do not necessarily reflect long-term impacts, although improved modeling capability may help to predict these impacts. Identification and validation of soil sustainability indicators for both site prescriptions and spatial applications would better inform commercial and policy decisions. In an increasingly inter-related but constrained global context, researchers should engage across inter-disciplinary, inter-agency, and international lines to better ensure the long-term soil productivity across a range of scales, from site to landscape.

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Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization Impact on Surface Residue, Soil Carbon Sequestration, and Crop Yields

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Nitrogen Fertilization I: Impact on Crop, Soil, and Environment

Nitrogen Fertilization I: Impact on Crop, Soil, and Environment

North American Soil Degradation: Processes, Practices, and Mitigating Strategies

Biogeochemical Research Priorities for Sustainable Biofuel and Bioenergy Feedstock Production in the Americas

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