Cropmarks in main field crops enable the identification of a wide spectrum of buried features on archaeological sites in Central Europe

Gojda, Martin; Hejcman, Michal

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.023

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The overall results from this study or from similar studies [74][75][76][77][78] can assist in the design of the first satellite sensor intended for archaeological studies. Indeed, the evaluation of ground spectral signatures and VIs over buried archaeological remains, along with the study of the formation of crop marks, can define the spectral regions of the spectrum most suitable for archaeological research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Evaluation of Broadband and Narrowband Vegetation Indices for the Identification of Archaeological Crop Marks

2012

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Several studies in the past have examined the spectral capability of multispectral and hyperspectral imagery for the identification of crop marks, while recent studies have applied different vegetation indices in order to support remote sensing archaeological applications. However, the use of vegetation indices for the detection of crop marks lacks in accuracy assessment and critical evaluation. In this study, 71 vegetation indices were indexed, from the relevant bibliography, and evaluated for their potential to detect such crop marks. During this study, several ground spectroradiometric campaigns took place, in a controlled archaeological environment in Cyprus, cultivated with barley crops, during a complete phenological cycle (2011)(2012). All vegetation indices, both broadband and narrowband, were evaluated for their separability performance, and the results were presented through tables and diagrams. In the end, the use of more than one vegetation index is suggested in order to enhance the final results. In fact, several not widely used vegetation indices are suggested and evaluated using both Landsat TM and EO-1 Hyperion images.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Evaluation of Broadband and Narrowband Vegetation Indices for the Identification of Archaeological Crop Marks

2012

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“…Remote sensing, as well as other non-destructive methods have been widely used for discovering and mapping visible and buried archaeological remains [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Near-surface archaeological remains can be discovered due to detectable changes in vegetation growth, termed crop marks [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Remote Sensing For Archaeological Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Potentials of Sentinel-2 for Archaeological Perspective

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The potentials of the forthcoming new European Space Agency's (ESA) satellite sensor, Sentinel-2, for archaeological studies was examined in this paper. For this reason, an extensive spectral library of crop marks, acquired through numerous spectroradiometric campaigns, which are related with buried archaeological remains, has been resampled to the spectral characteristics of Sentinel-2. In addition, other existing satellite sensors have been also evaluated (Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM); Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER); IKONOS; Landsat 4 TM; Landsat 7 Enhance Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+); QuickBird; Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT); and WorldView-2). The simulated data have been compared with the optimum spectral regions for the detection of crop marks (700 nm and 800 nm). In addition, several existing vegetation indices have been also assessed for all sensors. As it was found, the spectral characteristics of Sentinel-2 are able to better distinguish crop marks compared to other existing satellite sensors. Indeed, as it was found, using a simulated Sentinel-2 image, not only known buried archaeological sites were able to be detected, but also other still unknown sites were able to be revealed.

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“…Indeed, it has been estimated that about 50% of the known archaeological sites in lowland Britain are known from aerial photographic evidence (British Academy, ). The same potential is clear for the potential of CAS in Bohemia following 10 years of aerial survey (see Gojda, ; Gojda and Hejcman, ). Equally, ALS is now rapidly establishing its utility as well (see Opitz and Cowley, , and references cited therein), in particular through an innovative project in Baden‐Württemberg, Germany (Bofinger and Hesse, ) which has shown what a step‐change in archaeological detection ALS can be (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Value of Complementarity. Integrating the Evidence from Air Survey and ALS in Bohemia

Gojda

2016

Archaeological Prospection

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This paper offers a contribution to discussion of the value of integrating different airborne perspectives for landscape prospection. A case study in Bohemia, Czech Republic, illustrates how the integration of the results of a long-term programme of aerial reconnaissance and recently acquired airborne laser scanning (ALS) (LiDAR) data has significantly improved the methodology and knowledge dividend for the study of past landscapes and settlements. Three types of featuresbarrows/ring ditches, a hillfort, and a nineteenth century artillery redoubtshave been surveyed repeatedly in order to detect the degree to which sites known from differential cropmarking in arable crops are also evident in ALS-derived digital terrain models (DTMs), and vice versa. It is noted that components of the hillfort and redoubts are clearly evident in the DTMs despite lying in fields that have been intensively cultivated for many decades at least, and are not easily recognized from the ground because their outline is so smoothed. This study illustrates the complementarities of cropmark aerial survey and ALS even in heavily ploughed environments, where there is often an assumption that features recorded as cropmarks have no surface expression, when in fact this often depends on the scale of the features.

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Cropmarks in main field crops enable the identification of a wide spectrum of buried features on archaeological sites in Central Europe

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluation of Broadband and Narrowband Vegetation Indices for the Identification of Archaeological Crop Marks

Evaluation of Broadband and Narrowband Vegetation Indices for the Identification of Archaeological Crop Marks

Evaluating the Potentials of Sentinel-2 for Archaeological Perspective

The Value of Complementarity. Integrating the Evidence from Air Survey and ALS in Bohemia

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