Crop wild relative conservation and use: establishing the context.

Maxted, Nigel; Kell, S. P.; Ford-Lloyd, B. V.; Iriondo, J. M.; Dulloo, M. E.; Turok, J.

doi:10.1079/9781845930998.0003

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Clement et al (2003) raised the hypothesis that TPI could act as agrobiodiversity reservoirs, areas that concentrate considerable genetic diversity of native and exotic species with domesticated populations due to TPI's long-term association with human activity. There is a growing need to locate areas of high diversity of crop wild relatives, which may or may not also be areas of high landrace diversity, in order to propose adequate conservation strategies for these areas (Maxted et al 2008). We used an ecological approach to test the hypothesis that secondary forests on TPI concentrate agrobiodiversity, predicting that these environments would show a greater abundance and richness of species with domesticated populations when compared to adjacent secondary forests on non-anthropogenic soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary forests on anthropogenic soils in Brazilian Amazonia conserve agrobiodiversity

2010

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Throughout Brazilian Amazonia anthropogenic soils that are the product of pre-Columbian settlements are called Terra Preta de Índio (Indian Dark Earths, TPI). These soils are dramatically different from surrounding soils due to long-term human activity, but there is little information about how secondary forest succession is affected by these differences. We tested if community structure (density, richness and basal area), floristic composition and domesticated species' richness and density were similar between TPI and non-anthropogenic soils (NAS) in 52 25 9 10 m secondary forest plots in different successional stages near three traditional communities along the middle Madeira River, Central Amazonia. We sampled 858 woody individuals on TPI (77 domesticated) and 1095 on NAS (27 domesticated); 550 understory palms on TPI (169 domesticated) and 778 on NAS (123 domesticated). We found 179 species on TPI (10 domesticated), 190 on NAS (8 domesticated), and 74 (25%) in both environments. Although community structure on TPI and NAS was fairly similar, they showed significantly distinctive floristic compositions, both for woody individuals and understory palms. The density and richness of domesticated species was significantly higher on TPI than on NAS for woody individuals, but not for palms. The intimate long-term association of TPI with human activity has lead to the formation of distinct secondary forests and has favored the concentration of domesticated populations of crop species. Hence, secondary forests on anthropogenic soils concentrate agrobiodiversity, offering advantages for in situ conservation of genetic resources, and are unique ecosystems that should be considered in conservation efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary forests on anthropogenic soils in Brazilian Amazonia conserve agrobiodiversity

2010

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“…Landraces of crops are a challenge for maintaining in genebanks and on farm (Maxted et al 2008 ). In genebanks, initially diverse landraces may lose rare alleles, due to reproduction and storage conditions, but hundreds and thousands of landraces cannot be effi ciently maintained alone on-farm in their regions of origin; costs and logistics requirements are prohibitively high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in agreement with increasing priority attributed to CWR (cf. Maxted et al 2008 ). -Aegilops (Kilian et al 2011 ), Secale , Hordeum and many other genera of the Hordeeae (formerly Triticeae) are increasingly being used for improving yield, adaptation and quality characters in wheat.…”

Section: Inclusion Of Neglected and Underutilized Cultivated Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Resources of Triticum

Hammer

Knüpffer

2015

Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field

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The political framework and the development of molecular biology and electronic data management caused a general paradigm shift in plant genetic resources (PGR), exemplifi ed here for wheat. (1) In situ versus ex situ maintenance of PGR. Ex situ maintenance lost predominance. Wild wheats are effectively maintained in the wild; landraces do well on farm. New methods did not lead to the expected progress. (2) Inclusion of neglected and underutilized crop species. Some species are probably extinct in traditional cultivation areas, whereas landraces were recently found for others. Wild relatives have gained importance in wheat breeding: besides wild Triticum species, also Aegilops , Secale , Hordeum and other genera are used. × Triticosecale reached world importance; × Tritordeum will follow soon. (3) Methods of analysing diversity within and between taxa. New technology yields new insights in the structure and evolution of populations. (4) Genetic erosion is a problem, also inside genebanks. (5) Landraces show complex morphological diversity. Infraspecifi c classifi cation systems are useful for their characterization and handling, but less recognised by breeders. (6) Methods of evaluation. Molecular markers identify genetic differences on a fairly simple level without reference to ecological adaptation. (7) Genebanks should expand classical evaluation programmes. Pre-breeding will gain importance. (8) Storage and reproduction in genebanks is done effectively and cost-effi ciently under long-term conditions, but strategic concepts for reproduction are needed. Traditional methods are often neglected, and modern possibilities over-emphasized. Maintenance of landraces in genebanks and on farm poses challenges. PGR work is conservative. Landraces can be studied by traditional methods; molecular methods can resolve specifi c questions.

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“…In recent years extensive research has been done to conserve and explore germplasm of crop wild relatives (Maxted et al 2008). Crop wild relatives are species closely related to crops, including their progenitors, which may contain beneficial traits such as pest or disease resistance and yield improvement (Dwivedi et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infra-specific genetic and morphological diversity in Linum album (Linaceae)

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The genus Linum L. (Lineacea) has over 15 species, subspecies or ecotypes in Iran. These species show extensive geographical distribution and form many local populations throughout the country. Linum album is herbaceous medicinal plant containing important lignans such as podophyllotoxin (PTOX) and 6-methoxy podophyllotoxin (MPTOX), which have antiviral and anticancer properties. Studying the genetic and morphological diversity of different geographical populations produces detailed knowledge about population divergence and identification of the infra-species taxa if at all they are present. Moreover, the populations that differ in their genetic content and structure may also differ in their chemical and medicinal properties. The present study considers morphological and genetic diversity analyses of 20 L. album geographical populations by using nuclear ISSR markers, genome size, and cytogenetic characteristics. These populations differed significantly in many of their quantitative morphological characters and in some of their qualitative features. They also differed significantly in their molecular characteristics and genome size. Details of morphological and molecular variations are reported and discussed.

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Crop wild relative conservation and use: establishing the context.

Cited by 30 publications

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Secondary forests on anthropogenic soils in Brazilian Amazonia conserve agrobiodiversity

Secondary forests on anthropogenic soils in Brazilian Amazonia conserve agrobiodiversity

Genetic Resources of Triticum

Infra-specific genetic and morphological diversity in Linum album (Linaceae)

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