Crop uptake and extractability of cadmium in soils naturally high in metals at different pH levels

Singh, Bal Ram; Narwal, R. P.; Jeng, Alhaji S.; Almås, Åsgeir R.

doi:10.1080/00103629509369434

Cited by 85 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The significant positive relationship between metals extracted with single extractants and mobile fraction of metals from sequential extraction procedure suggests that both sequential and single extractants are useful to predict metals bioavailability (Table 4). The strong negative relationship of extractable metal concentration and soil pH indicates that metal extractability decreased with increasing soil pH, as observed by many other investigators (Singh, et al, 1995;Evans, et al, 1995). They found that DTPA and NH 4 NO 3 extractable metals decreased with increasing soil pH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Comparison of extractability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn with sequential extraction in contaminated and non-contaminated soils

Kashem

Singh

Kondo³

et al. 2007

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

103

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ABSTRACT:Various extraction procedures were employed for measuring extractable concentrations of potential toxic elements in soil. The extractability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in four contaminated and four non-contaminated soils of Japan, was compared by single extraction (CaCl 2 , DTPA, NH 4 Cl, 0.1 M HCl and 1 M HCl ) and sequential extraction procedures [(six operationally defined chemical phases, viz. water soluble (F1), exchangeable (F2), carbonate (F3), oxide (F4), organic (F5) and residual (F6) fractions)]. Extractability of metals from soils samples varied depending on metals and/or extractants used. Among the extractants, 1 M HCl extracted the largest proportion of Cd (79 to 96% of total), Cu (61 to 83%), Pb (51 to 99%) and Zn (23 to 52%) from soils followed by 0.1 M HCl, NH 4 Cl, DTPA and CaCl 2 . In all the extractants, the proportion of extractability of metals was higher in the contaminated soils than the non-contaminated soils. Regardless of soils and extractants, relative extractability was higher for Cd as compared to other three metals. The use of 1 M HCl may be recommended for first-level screening of soil contamination with heavy metals. The other four weak extractants are believed to provide a better assessment of bioavailable/mobile metals content in soils than 1 M HCl extractant. However, 0.1 M HCl mobilized all four metals irrespective of soil types, therefore, might be the best choice if only one extractant is to be used. The sequential extraction procedures showed 22 to 64% of total Cd was in the mobile fraction (sum of F1 to F3), while the corresponding values for Cu, Pb and Zn in this fractions were 2 to 23% suggesting higher mobility of Cd than other three metals. The single extraction procedures are simple and easy to perform and obtained results are comparable with sequential extraction procedure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Comparison of extractability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn with sequential extraction in contaminated and non-contaminated soils

Kashem

Singh

Kondo³

et al. 2007

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

103

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“…In acid soils, application of lime may reduce Cd concentration, but the effect is not consistent. Singh et al (1995) observed that the Cd concentration in wheat and carrot decreased when the soil pH was increased from 5.5 to 7.5, but the Cd content of lettuce was not affected. Eriksson (1989) reported that Cd concentration in winter rape decreased when pH was increased from 4 to 7 in both sandy and clay soils but the Cd concentration of ryegrass increased with increasing pH between 4 and 6.…”

Section: Lime Applicationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cadmium accumulation in crops

Grant¹,

Buckley²,

Bailey³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

322

177

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Cadmium is a heavy metal present in soils from natural and anthropogenic sources. Plant uptake of Cd at levels present in the soil solution is dependent on a system that is largely metabolically mediated and competitive with the uptake system for Zn and possibly other metals. Much of the Cd taken up by plants is retained in the root, but a portion is translocated to the aerial portions of the plant and into the seed. The amount of Cd accumulated and translocated in plants varies with species and with cultivars within species. Soil, environmental and management factors impact on the amount of Cd accumulated in plants. Potential methods of reducing the accumulation of Cd in crops include reduction of Cd input to the soil system, site selection, management practices which decrease the concentration of Cd in the soil solution and its uptake and translocation by plants, and development and production of plant cultivars with the genetic tendency for low Cd uptake.

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“…The solubility of lead compound (lead acetate) used in this study is considerably higher than those [PbCl 2 or Pb(NO 3 ) 2 ] applied in most of the studies reported above (Weast, 1988) and therefore, might be the major cause of the greater biocidal effect of lead observed in the present case. The presence of acetate in the soil medium (Khan and Huang, 1999), low pH (4.51) of the soil (Miller et al, 1977;Reddy and Patrick, 1977;Singh et al, 1995) and the relative tolerance of ryegrass to cadmium (Yang et al, 1996) could be the other factors contributing to the toxicity trend observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Crop yields are reduced due to the inhibition of metabolic processes in plants (Foy et al 1978;Costa and Morel, 1993;Aery and Jagetiya, 1997). In addition, the crops so contaminated serve as a source of heavy metals in our food supply (Somers, 1974;Singh et al 1995;Sajwani et al 1996). Therefore, the proplems posed by increased amounts of these metals in the environment demand a thorough understanding of their phytotoxic effects in a soil-plant system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc on the Growth and Metal Content in Ryegrass

Khan¹,

Lone²,

Huang³

1998

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) on the growth and heavy metal content in ryegrass plants. The metals were applied separately at three different levels i.e. Cd at 10, 30 and 60 :g gG 1 ; Pb at 50, 100 and 150 :g gG 1 and Zn at 75, 150 and 225 :g gG 1 soil. Results demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect of metals on the growth and dry matter yields of ryegrass plants. The concentrations of metals both in roots and shoots increased significantly with Cd, Pb and Zn addition to the soil. The adverse effects of metals were more pronounced on roots than on the above ground plant parts. Among the tested metals, Pb displayed the greatest suppressing effect followed by Cd and Zn, indicating their relative toxicity in the order: Pb>Cd>Zn. It was suggested that the solubility of lead compound, presence of acetate in the soil medium, low pH of the soil and the relative tolerance of ryegrass to Cd were the factors contributing to the toxicity trend observed in the study.

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Crop uptake and extractability of cadmium in soils naturally high in metals at different pH levels

Cited by 85 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of extractability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn with sequential extraction in contaminated and non-contaminated soils

Comparison of extractability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn with sequential extraction in contaminated and non-contaminated soils

Cadmium accumulation in crops

Influence of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc on the Growth and Metal Content in Ryegrass

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