Crop siderat as a method of biological function in the southwestern part of the central black-earth region

Abstract

The article presents the results of long-term experience in the study of crop crops and their impact on the growth conditions and yield of the following crops. The reaped siderates were sown after winter and spring wheat in a 4-field crop rotation. The results of the research work showed that it is less likely to get their good shoots after spring wheat than after winter wheat, and the total plant mass of siderate introduced into the soil over all the years after it was 54-66 t / ha, which is about 1.7 times lower than after winter culture. The incorporation of the organic mass of the crop material into the soil in most years of its cultivation provided a positive balance of humus. The infestation of the crop sown next to the crop siderate increased only when using mineral fertilizer by 1.4-1.7 times compared to crops without it, while the number of perennial dicotyledonous weeds increased by an average of 2.5-3 times, both when applying azofoska and without it. The yield of crops following siderates in the crop rotation with the predecessor of winter wheat, peas for grain, was not significantly higher compared to crops without siderates, and with the predecessor, the sideral pair was slightly lower.