Crop rotation as an economic strategy for small-scale farmers: evidence from Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

This study examined the economic feasibility of crop rotation as a farming technique for small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2022. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrated qualitative and quantitative data to comprehensively assess the financial impact of crop rotation. The research focused on two key regions in Punjab renowned for small-scale farming: Sargodha and Chakwal. These areas were selected due to their prevalent small-scale farming practices and diverse agricultural methods. The study included a control group of farms that did not practice crop rotation, alongside farms actively implementing this technique. Through surveys of farm owners, input costs (such as seeds, fertilizers, and labor), market prices, crop yields, and total farm revenues were quantified over a three-year period. Soil health indicators were evaluated through soil sample analyses. Qualitative insights into farmers' perspectives on the benefits, challenges, and financial decision-making processes related to crop-rotation were gathered via in-depth interviews and regional focus groups. The findings from 2022 demonstrated advantages for farms practicing crop-rotation, evidenced by consistently higher yields and reduced seed costs. These farms also reported significantly greater profitability. The qualitative analysis highlighted local dynamics influencing the adoption of crop rotation. The study underscored the need to address challenges such as weather fluctuations and market conditions. The insights from this 2022 research can greatly benefit policymakers and agricultural practitioners in promoting sustainable farming practices among small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop rotation emerges as a strategy capable of enhancing agricultural productivity and bolstering the financial resilience of small-scale farming communities.