Crop residues in corn-wheat rotation in a semi-arid region increase CO2 efflux under conventional tillage but not in a no-tillage system

Mirzaei, Morad; Anari, Manouchehr Gorji; Razavy-Toosi, Ehsan; Zaman, Mohammad; Saronjic, Nermina; Zamir, Seyed Morteza; Mohammed, Safwan; Caballero‐Calvo, Andrés

doi:10.1016/j.pedobi.2022.150819

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Sustainable agriculture production is facing several challenges including the rapid growth of world population, land degradation, increasing GHG emissions, rapid climate change, limited arable land, loss of biodiversity, single ecosystem service, land use change, increasing industrialization, and low food security (Hanson et al, 2008 ; Tian et al, 2021 ). Using new techniques such as conservation agriculture rather than conventional plowing operations, and also driving tractors with maximum efficiency, can significantly reduce fuel consumption and overcome many challenges (Mirzaei et al, 2021 , 2022a ; Safa et al, 2010 ). However, the worldwide implementation of the above may be complex due to cultural traditions, lack of knowledge, and difficulties in land preparation in areas with steep slopes or calcareous soils (Bayu, 2020 ; Rodrigo-Comino et al, 2021 ; Sastre et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exacerbated intensification and non-planned farming practices contribute significantly to increasing soil consumption and gas emissions to the environment (Mirzaei et al, 2022a , b ; Rodrigo-Comino et al, 2020 ; Smith et al, 2017 , 2021 ). However, to achieve land degradation neutrality in these areas considering the effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics, agricultural practices such as reduced tillage and the use of crop residues could have direct (i.e., carbon sequestration, mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions, absorbing pollutants and other chemicals used in agriculture, reducing air pollutants) and indirect (i.e., reducing fuel and energy consumption) positive effects on global warming and environmental quality (Brennan et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2014 ; Mirzaei et al, 2022a ; Ravindra et al, 2019 ; Sindelar et al, 2019 ; Yao et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annually, a massive amount of crop residues is produced but, unfortunately, these residues are burned or removed for fodder, energy production, or other purposes (Mirzaei et al, 2021 ; Rasoulzadeh et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, extensive use of conventional tillage systems, chemical fertilizers, and lack of proper crop rotation have caused a decline in organic matter, poor soil quality, lower crop performance, emission of greenhouse gases, and environmental pollution in the region (Mirzaei et al, 2022a , b ; Naseri et al, 2021 ). However, the implementation of conservation tillage methods and adequate management of crop residues can improve soil quality and crop production, as well as contribute to the mitigation of environmental impacts (Cerdà et al, 2016 ; Nunes et al, 2016 ; Rakkar et al, 2017 ; Whitbread et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impacts of corn silage production: influence of wheat residues under contrasting tillage management types

Mirzaei

Anari

Saronjic

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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The intensification of specific land management operations (tillage, herbicide, etc.) is increasing land degradation and contributing to ecosystem pollution. Mulches can be a sustainable tool to counter these processes. This is particularly relevant for rural areas in low-income countries where agriculture is a vital sector. In this research, the environmental impact of different rates of wheat residues (no residues, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in corn silage cultivation was evaluated using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems in a semi-arid region in Karaj, Iran. Results showed that in both tillage systems, marine aquatic ecotoxicity (ME) and global warming potential (GWP) had the highest levels of pollution among the environmental impact indicators. In CT systems, the minimum (17,730.70 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DB) eq.) and maximum (33,683.97 kg 1,4-DB eq.) amounts of ME were related to 0 and 100% wheat residue rates, respectively. Also, in the CT system, 0 and 100% wheat residue rates resulted in minimum (176.72 kg CO2 eq.) and maximum (324.95 kg CO2 eq.) amounts of GWP, respectively. However, in the NT system, the 100% wheat residue rate showed the minimum amounts of ME (11,442.39 kg 1,4-DB eq.) and GWP (120.21 kg CO2 eq.). Also, in the NT system, maximum amounts of ME (17,174 kg 1,4-DB eq.) and GWP (175.60 kg CO2 eq.) were observed with a zero wheat residue rate. On-farm emissions and nitrogen fertilizers were the two factors with the highest contribution to the degradation related to environmental parameters at all rates of wheat residues. Moreover, in the CT system, the number of environmental pollutants increased with the addition of a higher wheat residue rate, while in the NT system, increasing residue rates decreased the amount of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, this LCA demonstrates that the NT system with the full retention of wheat residues (100%) is a more environmentally sustainable practice for corn silage production. Therefore, it may be considered one of the most adequate management strategies in this region and similar semi-arid conditions. Further long-term research and considering more environmental impact categories are required to assess the real potential of crop residues and tillage management for sustainable corn silage production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impacts of corn silage production: influence of wheat residues under contrasting tillage management types

Mirzaei

Anari

Saronjic

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The study of Acosta-Martinez et al (2003) associated the crop rotation with higher enzyme activities in soils. The results of Mirzaei et al (2022) showed that the NT, coupled with a full quantity of plant residues, could be considered as a potential and effective method for reducing the CO 2 emission and mitigating climate change in semiarid soils.…”

Section: Cover Crop and Crop Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of no-till technology in the concept of conservation agriculture

Kochovska¹,

Dimitrova²,

Kartalska³

2022

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This review article summarises some of the most important terms and definitions of the vocabulary used in conservation agriculture (CA) and no-till technology (NT). It also presents the concepts and foundation principle of CA. The article cites selected sources with detailed historical notes and a chronological narrative about the development of the concept of conservational agriculture, machinery, devices and techniques that no-till technology applies. Due to the vastness of CA as a subject, the current review deals very briefly with some of the topics such as economic benefit, weed control, cover crop and crop rotation, use of herbicides. The availability of controversial results about no-till does not allow any final conclusion about the feasibility of that technology. It could be expected that on different soils, in different geographical conditions, depending on the machinery used and the combination of particular elements of the technology, the outcome of its adoption is highly probable to be different. Despite this variability in technology adoption, in cases of no significant reduction in crop yield, the application of technology seems worthy due to the ecological benefits which it provides. However, there is another important consideration that should be taken into account in NT adoption - any expectations for quick revenue should not be considered feasible because ecological sustainability could only be achieved in a long-term application of CA and NT.

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“…The three major GHGs which contribute to global warming are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (Mirzaei et al, 2022; Mohammed et al, 2022; Snyder et al, 2009). Especially, nitrous oxide is considered a potent GHGs because of its greater global warming potential (298 more powerful than CO 2 ) (Collins et al, 2017; IPCC, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Crop Residues Management in Corn-Wheat Rotation Under Conventional and No-Tillage Systems

Mirzaei

Anari

Taghizadeh‐Toosi

et al. 2022

Air, Soil and Water Research

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Agricultural activity is the major anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems. Conservation agriculture including crop residue management can play a key role in enhancing soil resilience to climate change and mitigating N2O emissions. We investigated the effects of crop residue rates, including 100 % (R100), 50 % (R50), and residue removal (R0), on N2O emissions in corn-wheat rotation under conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems. The key factors evaluated affecting N2O emissions included soil temperature, soil moisture, soil ammonium, and soil nitrate concentrations. Results showed that the N2O emissions increased with the increasing rate of residue under both CT and NT systems. Both R100 and R50 significantly ( p < .05) increased the N2O emissions compared to R0 during the annual rotation cycle. Soil moisture and mineral nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) were the main driving factors that stimulated N2O emission in both CT and NT systems. In the NT and CT systems, cumulative N2O emissions showed a significant increase with R50 (+75.5 % in NT, +36.5 % in CT) and R100 (+134 % in NT, +40 % in CT) as compared to R0. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between R100 and R50 in the CT system, while in the NT system significant increases were observed for R100 compared to R50. Overall, our study justified as a first approach only during the first year that crop residue removal led to decreased N2O emissions under semi-arid conditions. However, due to the deteriorating impact of crop residue removal on crop productivity and soil C sequestration, this management method cannot be considered a sustainable agronomic practice. We suggest long-term studies to determine the appropriate rate of postharvest crop residue to achieve less N2O emissions and climate-friendly agricultural practices.

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Crop residues in corn-wheat rotation in a semi-arid region increase CO2 efflux under conventional tillage but not in a no-tillage system

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Environmental impacts of corn silage production: influence of wheat residues under contrasting tillage management types

Environmental impacts of corn silage production: influence of wheat residues under contrasting tillage management types

An overview of no-till technology in the concept of conservation agriculture

Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Crop Residues Management in Corn-Wheat Rotation Under Conventional and No-Tillage Systems

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