Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

Karp, Daniel S.; Chaplin‐Kramer, Rebecca; Meehan, Timothy D.; Martin, Emily A.; DeClerck, Fabrice; Grab, Heather; Gratton, Claudio; Hunt, Lauren; Larsen, Ashley E.; Martínez‐Salinas, Alejandra; O’Rourke, Megan E.; Rusch, Adrien; Poveda, Katja; Jonsson, Mattias; Rosenheim, Jay A.; Schellhorn, Nancy A.; Tscharntke, Teja; Wratten, Stephen D.; Zhang, Wei; Iverson, Aaron; Adler, Lynn S.; Albrecht, Matthias; Alignier, Audrey; Angelella, Gina M.; Anjum, Muhammad Zubair; Avelino, Jacques; Batáry, Péter; Baveco, J.M.; Bianchi, Felix J.J.A.; Birkhofer, Klaus; Bohnenblust, Eric; Bommarco, Riccardo; Brewer, Michael J.; Caballero‐López, Berta; Carrière, Yves; Carvalheiro, Luísa G.; Cayuela, Luis; Centrella, Mary; Ćetković, Aleksandar; Henri, Dominic C.; Chabert, Ariane; Costamagna, Alejandro C.; Mora, Aldo De la; Kraker, Joop de; Desneux, Nicolas; Diehl, Eva; Diekötter, Tim; Dormann, Carsten F.; Eckberg, James O.; Entling, Martin H.; Fiedler, Daniela; Franck, Pierre; Veen, F. J. Frank van; Frank, Thomas; Gagić, Vesna; Garratt, Michael P. D.; Getachew, Awraris; Gonthier, David J.; Goodell, Peter B.; Graziosi, Ignazio; Groves, Russell L.; Gurr, Geoff M.; Hajian‐Forooshani, Zachary; Heimpel, George E.; Herrmann, John D.; Huseth, Anders S.; Inclán, Diego J.; Ingrao, Adam J.; Phirun,; Jacot, Katja; Johnson, Gregg A.; Jones, Laura; Kaiser, Marina; Kaser, Joe M.; Keasar, Tamar; Kim, Tania N.; Kishinevsky, Miriam; Landis, Douglas A.; Lavandero, Blas; Lavigne, Claire; Ralec, Anne Le; Lemessa, Debissa; Letourneau, Deborah K.; Liere, Heidi; Lu, Yanhui; Lubin, Yael; Luttermoser, Tim; Maas, Bea; Mace, Kevi; Madeira, Filipe; Mader, Viktoria; Cortesero, Anne Marie; Marini, Lorenzo; Martínez, Eliana; Martinson, Holly M.; Menozzi, Philippe; Mitchell, Matthew G. E.; Miyashita, Tadashi; Molina, Gonzalo Alberto Roman; Molina‐Montenegro, Marco A.; O’Neal, Matthew E.; Opatovsky, Itai; Ortiz-Martinez, Sebaastian; Nash, M.; Östman, Örjan; Ouin, Annie; Pak, Damie; Paredes, Daniel; Parsa, Soroush; Parry, Hazel Ruth; Pérez-Álvarez, Ricardo; Perović, David J.; Peterson, Julie A.; Petit, Sandrine; Philpott, Stacy M.; Plantegenest, Manuel; Plećaš, Milan; Pluess, Therese; Pons, Xavier; Potts, Simon G.; Pywell, R. F.; Ragsdale, David W.; Rand, Tatyana A.; Raymond, Lucie; Ricci, Benoît; Sargent, Chris; Sarthou, Jean Pierre; Saulais, Julia; Schäckermann, Jessica; Schmidt, Nick; Schneider, Gudrun; Schüepp, Christof; Sivakoff, Frances S.; Smith, Henrik G.; Whitney, Kaitlin Stack; Stutz, Sonja J.; Szendrei, Zsofia; Takada, Mayura B.; Taki, Hisatomo; Tamburini, Giovanni; Thomson, Linda J.; Tricault, Yann; Tsafack, Noelline; Tschumi, Matthias; Valantin‐Morison, Muriel; Trịnh, Mai Văn; Werf, Wopke Van der; Vierling, Kerri T.; Werling, Ben P.; Wickens, Jennifer B.; Wickens, Victoria J.; Woodcock, Ben A.; Wyckhuys, Kris A. G.; Xiao, Hai; Yasuda, Mika; Yoshioka, Akira; Zou, Yi

doi:10.1073/pnas.1800042115

Cited by 435 publications

(445 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…, Karp et al. ). Such effects are expected when crops provide more important resources for natural enemies than seminatural habitats over the course of a year, which might be the case in perennial systems (Tscharntke et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic farming at local and landscape scales fosters biological pest control in vineyards

Muneret

Auriol

Thiéry

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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While organic farming practices, which are often promoted as models of ecological intensification, generally enhance biodiversity, their effects on the delivery of ecosystem services, such as biological pest control, are still unknown. Here, using a multi‐scale hierarchical design in southwestern France, we examined the effects of organic farming and seminatural habitats at the local and landscape scales on biological control services of three pests, including weeds and insects, in 42 vineyards. Organic farming at the local and landscape scales was beneficial to the mean and temporal stability of biological control services, while the proportion of seminatural habitats in the landscape reduced the level of biological pest control potential. The effects of organic farming and seminatural habitats across spatial scales varied with the type of prey considered and with time. Egg moth removal rates were higher in fields under organic management compared to conventional management while weed seed removal rates increased with the proportion of organic farming in the landscape. Larval removal rates as well as seed removal rates were always more stable within time in organic fields than in conventional fields. Moreover, independently of farming system type, local variables describing the agricultural management intensity, such as pesticide use or crop productivity, were also found to be important variables explaining levels of biological control services. Pesticide use tended to reduce biological control potential, while crop productivity was associated with contrasting biological control responses depending on the pest type. Our study demonstrates the need to target multiple spatial scales and to consider farming practices, as well as the proportion of seminatural habitats, to design functional landscapes that optimize biological pest control services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic farming at local and landscape scales fosters biological pest control in vineyards

Muneret

Auriol

Thiéry

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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“…However, pesticide use, which could have affected our results, was more related to closeness to high-input production systems (i.e., cotton) than to fruit orchards. Parasitoid and predator species might, however, overlap in functional traits and, hence, higher species diversity does not automatically increase parasitism (Menalled et al, 1999;Karp et al, 2018). Natural habitat importance for biological control varies depending on type of crop, pest, predator, land management, and landscape structure (Tscharntke et al, 2016).…”

Section: Abiotic Factors: Climate and Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat factors associated with Fopius caudatus parasitism and population level of its host, Ceratitis cosyra

Sambo

Togbé

Sinzogan

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Biotic and abiotic factors affect herbivores and their natural enemies and understanding of their requirements may permit habitat modification enabling conservation biological control. Ceratitis cosyra Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae), an African-native fruit fly pest is mostly parasitized by the parasitoid wasp Fopius caudatus Sz epligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). To assess F. caudatus habitat, the wasp parasitism levels and infestation of its fruit fly host were examined in Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (Rubiaceae), a shrub of which the fruits are among the preferred hosts of C. cosyra and F. caudatus. Fruit-collection site descriptions, including plant species presence, were analysed in relation to the target insect abundances (emergence from target fruit). Ceratitis cosyra and F. caudatus emerged from all sites; nonetheless, their population levels were associated with both abiotic and biotic factors, of which some can be manipulated. Several factors, such as cultivation level, topography, and vegetation coverage, were correlated with F. caudatus parasitism. Ceratitis cosyra infestation level was correlated with factors such as density of S. latifolius, vegetation cover, cultivation practices, temperature, altitude, rainfall pattern, and stoniness. Proximity to other fruit fly host plants correlated with both pest abundance and F. caudatus parasitism level of the fruit fly. The findings that insects' interactions and abundance are influenced by habitat structure and that parasitism is positively related to natural habitat indicates the importance of maintaining natural habitats in closeness to cultivated areas with the aim of enhancing pest suppression by parasitoids. Further studies should attempt to identify how plant species composition in and around orchards could affect the management of tephritid fruit fly pests.

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“…To date, studies examining how landscape context modulates the local effect of farming practices for biodiversity conservation or the provision of ecosystem services have mainly considered the impact of semi‐natural habitats but much less attention have been paid to the role of farming practices within the landscape (Rusch et al, ; Chaplin‐Kramer, O'Rourke, Blitzer, & Kremen, ; but see Henckel, Börger, Meiss, Gaba, & Bretagnolle, ). Moreover, a recent synthesis at the global scale revealed strong variability in direction and effect size of semi‐natural habitats on predators and biological pest control (Karp et al, ). Thus, considering farming practices at multiple spatial scales, notably the proportion of organic farming at the landscape scale, should reduce unexplained variation in these relationships (Muneret, Auriol, Thiéry, & Rusch, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic farming expansion drives natural enemy abundance but not diversity in vineyard‐dominated landscapes

Muneret

Auriol

Bonnard

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Organic farming is seen as a prototype of ecological intensification potentially able to conciliate crop productivity and biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. However, how natural enemies, an important functional group supporting pest control services, respond to organic farming at different scales and in different landscape contexts remain unclear. Using a hierarchical design within a vineyard‐dominated region located in southwestern France, we examine the independent effects of organic farming and semi‐natural habitats at the local and landscape scales on natural enemies. We show that the proportion of organic farming is a stronger driver of species abundance than the proportion of semi‐natural habitats and is an important facet of landscape heterogeneity shaping natural enemy assemblages. Although our study highlights a strong taxonomic group‐dependency about the effect of organic farming, organic farming benefits to dominant species while rare species occur at the same frequency in the two farming systems. Independently of farming systems, enhancing field age, reducing crop productivity, soil tillage intensity, and pesticide use are key management options to increase natural enemy biodiversity. Our study indicates that policies promoting the expansion of organic farming will benefit more to ecological intensification strategies seeking to enhance ecosystem services than to biodiversity conservation.

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Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition

Cited by 435 publications

References 41 publications

Organic farming at local and landscape scales fosters biological pest control in vineyards

Organic farming at local and landscape scales fosters biological pest control in vineyards

Habitat factors associated with Fopius caudatus parasitism and population level of its host, Ceratitis cosyra

Organic farming expansion drives natural enemy abundance but not diversity in vineyard‐dominated landscapes

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