Crop-associated virus reduces the rooting depth of non-crop perennial native grass more than non-crop-associated virus with known viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR)

Malmström, Carolyn M.; Bigelow, Patrick J.; Trębicki, Piotr; Busch, Anna K.; Friel, Colleen; Cole, Ellen; Abdel-Azim, Heba; Phillippo, Colin J.; Alexander, Helen M.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2017.07.006

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Additionally, our study lays the groundwork for controlled field and greenhouse studies to explore virus effects on wild plant performance under variable environmental conditions – all of which are logistically feasible because our hosts were selected based on the criteria defined in Figure 4. Perennials can suffer multi-year fitness impacts of viruses, especially viruses whose prevalence in wild communities is driven by amplification in adjacent annual cropping systems (Alexander et al, 2013; Malmstrom and Alexander, 2016; Malmstrom et al, 2017). Alternatively, known and novel viruses may contribute to the drought and heat tolerance characteristics of their hosts (Xu et al, 2008; Davis et al, 2015; Carr, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, non-cultivated perennial systems may be perturbed and affected by microbial movement from agricultural crops, which may also serve as reservoirs and exert selection pressures on viruses in ways that are not fully recognized. From an ecological perspective, viruses from crop environments may modify the expression of host plant functional traits in ways that alter stress tolerance, fitness (Alexander et al, 2017), and competitive interactions (Malmstrom et al, 2017), with significant implications for conservation of threatened native plant communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing Research Needs in the Field of Plant Virus Ecology by Defining Knowledge Gaps and Developing Wild Dicot Study Systems

et al. 2019

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Viruses are ubiquitous within all habitats that support cellular life and represent the most important emerging infectious diseases of plants. Despite this, it is only recently that we have begun to describe the ecological roles of plant viruses in unmanaged systems and the influence of ecosystem properties on virus evolution. We now know that wild plants frequently harbor infections by diverse virus species, but much remains to be learned about how viruses influence host traits and how hosts influence virus evolution and vector interactions. To identify knowledge gaps and suggest avenues for alleviating research deficits, we performed a quantitative synthesis of a representative sample of virus ecology literature, developed criteria for expanding the suite of pathosystems serving as models, and applied these criteria through a case study. We found significant gaps in the types of ecological systems studied, which merit more attention. In particular, there is a strong need for a greater diversity of logistically tractable, wild dicot perennial study systems suitable for experimental manipulations of infection status. Based on criteria developed from our quantitative synthesis, we evaluated three California native dicot perennials typically found in Mediterranean-climate plant communities as candidate models: Cucurbita foetidissima (buffalo gourd), Cucurbita palmata (coyote gourd), and Datura wrightii (sacred thorn-apple). We used Illumina sequencing and network analyses to characterize viromes and viral links among species, using samples taken from multiple individuals at two different reserves. We also compared our Illumina workflow with targeted RT-PCR detection assays of varying costs. To make this process accessible to ecologists looking to incorporate virology into existing studies, we describe our approach in detail and discuss advantages and challenges of different protocols. We also provide a bioinformatics workflow based on open-access tools with graphical user interfaces. Our study provides evidence that dicot perennials in xeric habitats support multiple, asymptomatic infections by viruses known to be pathogenic in related crop hosts. Quantifying the impacts of these interactions on plant performance and virus epidemiology in our logistically tractable host systems will provide fundamental information about plant virus ecology outside of crop environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Research Needs in the Field of Plant Virus Ecology by Defining Knowledge Gaps and Developing Wild Dicot Study Systems

et al. 2019

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“…In complex communities, pathogen transmission is often driven by the relative abundance of hosts with high reservoir potential, but it can also depend on pathogen strain or species (Malmstrom et al 2017), additional biotic interactions (e.g., other host‐associated microbes; O'Keeffe et al 2017), and pathogen or vector metapopulation dynamics (Borer et al 2016). We investigated the relationship between the LES and reservoir potential in the controlled environment of a greenhouse, and the extent to which our results apply to field settings will depend on the relative importance of host community composition in the pathogen dynamics of a given setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait‐based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission across species and resource supplies

Welsh

Cronin

Mitchell

2020

Ecology

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Two key knowledge gaps currently limit the development of more predictive and general models of pathogen transmission: (1) the physiological basis of heterogeneity in host contribution to pathogen transmission (reservoir potential) remains poorly understood and (2) a general means of integrating the ecological dynamics of host communities has yet to emerge. If the traits responsible for differences in reservoir potential also modulate host community dynamics, these traits could be used to predict pathogen transmission as host communities change. In two greenhouse experiments, across 23 host species and two levels of resource supply, the reservoir potential of plant hosts increased significantly along the Leaf Economics Spectrum, a global axis of plant physiological trait covariation that features prominently in models of plant community ecology. This indicates that the traits of the Leaf Economics Spectrum underlie broad differences in reservoir potential across host species and resource supplies. Therefore, host traits could be used to integrate epidemiological models of pathogen transmission with ecological models of host community change.

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“…In managed pastures, they diminish the proportion of pasture plants versus weeds causing pasture deterioration and an inadequate feed base for livestock [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In wild plant communities, they alter the species balance and decrease species diversity, which damages ecosystems and can cause genetic erosion potentially leading to species extinction [12,13,[34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Pandemics and Major Epidemics Arising from New Encounters between Indigenous Viruses and Introduced Crops

Jones

2020

Viruses

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Virus disease pandemics and epidemics that occur in the world’s staple food crops pose a major threat to global food security, especially in developing countries with tropical or subtropical climates. Moreover, this threat is escalating rapidly due to increasing difficulties in controlling virus diseases as climate change accelerates and the need to feed the burgeoning global population escalates. One of the main causes of these pandemics and epidemics is the introduction to a new continent of food crops domesticated elsewhere, and their subsequent invasion by damaging virus diseases they never encountered before. This review focusses on providing historical and up-to-date information about pandemics and major epidemics initiated by spillover of indigenous viruses from infected alternative hosts into introduced crops. This spillover requires new encounters at the managed and natural vegetation interface. The principal virus disease pandemic examples described are two (cassava mosaic, cassava brown streak) that threaten food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and one (tomato yellow leaf curl) doing so globally. A further example describes a virus disease pandemic threatening a major plantation crop producing a vital food export for West Africa (cacao swollen shoot). Also described are two examples of major virus disease epidemics that threaten SSA’s food security (rice yellow mottle, groundnut rosette). In addition, brief accounts are provided of two major maize virus disease epidemics (maize streak in SSA, maize rough dwarf in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions), a major rice disease epidemic (rice hoja blanca in the Americas), and damaging tomato tospovirus and begomovirus disease epidemics of tomato that impair food security in different world regions. For each pandemic or major epidemic, the factors involved in driving its initial emergence, and its subsequent increase in importance and geographical distribution, are explained. Finally, clarification is provided over what needs to be done globally to achieve effective management of severe virus disease pandemics and epidemics initiated by spillover events.

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Crop-associated virus reduces the rooting depth of non-crop perennial native grass more than non-crop-associated virus with known viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR)

Cited by 21 publications

References 62 publications

Addressing Research Needs in the Field of Plant Virus Ecology by Defining Knowledge Gaps and Developing Wild Dicot Study Systems

Addressing Research Needs in the Field of Plant Virus Ecology by Defining Knowledge Gaps and Developing Wild Dicot Study Systems

Trait‐based variation in host contribution to pathogen transmission across species and resource supplies

Disease Pandemics and Major Epidemics Arising from New Encounters between Indigenous Viruses and Introduced Crops

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