Crohn's disease: Pathogenesis and persistent measles virus infection

Wakefield, AJ; Ekbom, Anders; Dhillon, A. P.; Pittilo, Rm; Pounder, RE

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)90467-0

Cited by 109 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These studies observed that the virus was capable of producing an inflammatory reaction in the mesenteric endothelium that was quite similar to the one found in CD [75][76][77] . This finding stimulated the performance of numerous observational studies, which analyzed the relationship between measles infection or vaccination and the development of IBD.…”

Section: Measlessupporting

confidence: 68%

Pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease: Bug or no bug

Bosca-Watts

Tosca

Antón

et al. 2015

WJGP

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Section: Measlessupporting

confidence: 68%

Pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease: Bug or no bug

Bosca-Watts

Tosca

Antón

et al. 2015

WJGP

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“…Wakefield et al have suggested that persistent measles infection, particularly when exposure occurs in utero or early in life, may lead to CD (132,133). This hypothesis proposes that CD is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis in reaction to a persistent infection with measles virus, which exhibits a tropism for the submucosal endothelium of the intestine.…”

Section: Infection With a Pathogenic Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiologic evidence from Sweden has suggested a link between CD and early measles infection (19,21). In addition, paramyxovirus-like structures have been visualized in the vascular endothelium of CD patients by electron microscopy and measles antigen has been detected in areas of granulomatous inflammation (132,133). However, other investigators have not been able to confirm an epidemiological link between CD and early measles infection (2a, 25, 37) or to confirm the association by immunohistochemical staining or serologic studies (2,27,44).…”

Section: Infection With a Pathogenic Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspects and Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2002

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SUMMARY The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are recognized as important causes of gastrointestinal disease in children and adults. In this review we delineate the clinical manifestations and diagnostic features of IBD. In addition, we summarize important recent advances in our understanding of the immune mediators of intestinal inflammation. This information has led to new therapeutic approaches in IBD. Further, we discuss the considerable data that point to the significance of genetic factors in the development of IBD and the genetic loci which have been implicated through genomewide searches. The commensal bacterial flora also appears to be a critical element, particularly in regards to Crohn's disease, although the precise role of the bacteria in the disease manifestations remains unclear. Current investigations promise to yield fresh insights in these areas.

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“…The first is based on the biological plausibility of a measles virus in IBD. It is hypothesized that the measles virus is able to persist within the mesenteric endothelium creating an inflammatory reaction characteristic of CD [54] . While several studies have identified the presence of the measles virus in tissue samples [55,56] , this finding has not been confirmed in studies using more sensitive methods such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [57,58] .…”

Section: Childhood Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A critical review of the literature

Koloski¹,

Bret²,

Radford‐Smith³

2008

WJG

189

117

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The hygiene hypothesis is thought to be a significant contributor to the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) around the world, although the evidence for specific factors that underlie the hygiene hypothesis in IBD is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature to determine which hygiene-related factors are associated with the development of IBD. Publications identified from a broad based MEDLINE and Current Contents search between 1966 and 2007 on key terms relevant to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and IBD including H pylori exposure, helminths, cold chain hypothesis, measles infection and vaccination, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, family size, sibship, urban upbringing, day care attendance and domestic hygiene were reviewed. The literature suggests that the hygiene hypothesis and its association with decreased microbial exposure in childhood probably plays an important role in the development of IBD, although the strength of the supporting data for each of the factors varies considerably. The most promising factors that may potentially be associated with development of IBD include H pylori exposure, helminths, breastfeeding and sibship. However, the vast majority of studies in this area are plagued by serious methodological shortcomings, particularly the reliance on retrospective recall of information making it difficult to truly ascertain the importance of a 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD. The 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD is an important area of research that may give clues to the aetiology of this disease. Directions for future research are recommended.

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Crohn's disease: Pathogenesis and persistent measles virus infection

Cited by 109 publications

References 42 publications

Pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease: Bug or no bug

Pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease: Bug or no bug

Clinical Aspects and Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A critical review of the literature

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