Crohn's disease affecting the small bowel is associated with reduced appetite and elevated levels of circulating gut peptides

Dietary Practices and Beliefs in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…The biological basis of reduced appetite in IBD is unclear, complex, and possibly multifactorial driven by manifold variables such as disease phenotype, neuroendocrine influences (enteroendocrine cell activity), and their impact on epithelial immune response, cellular homeostasis, and nutrient handling through satiety signaling in the gut-brain axis, and interacting psychosocial factors among others. 35,36,38,39 We found significant differences in attitudes and perceptions among our South Asian populations, who were more inclined to believe that diet had a role in disease initiation (71% versus 47%) and that diet played a more important role than medicines in the control of IBD (49% versus 28%). They placed more restrictions on their diet to prevent relapses (89% versus 67%) and often avoided dining outdoors (49% versus18%).…”

MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans

“…The nutrient content of this meal/100 g was: energy (kcal) 51, protein 1.5 g (1.5%), carbohydrate 4.7 g (4.5%), fat 2.9 g (2.9%). This meal has been previously shown to reliably induce a GI peptide response …”

“…After this the subjects were kept sitting upright in a quiet lounge next to the scanner for the rest of the study day except for the subsequent MRI acquisitions. At each time point, they filled a 100 mm Visual analogue scale (VAS) symptoms questionnaire scoring their feeling of fullness, bloating, distension, abdominal pain/discomfort and nausea . The VAS anchors are from ‘not’ to ‘extremely’.…”

“…Twelve samples were taken totalling 120 mL −1 . Samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and stored on ice . Plasma peptides (total GLP‐1, total PYY) were analysed through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques (Millipore, UK) as previously shown .…”

Obesity in IBD: epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease course and treatment outcomes

“…Treatment with GLP-2, an epithelial growth factor with anti-inflammatory properties, reduces the severity of injury in animal colitis models 71 , and its use as a treatment option for Crohn’s disease is currently under investigation 72 . Circulating PYY levels correlate with Crohn’s-disease-related nausea and anorexia 73 , and evidence has demonstrated that enteroendocrine cells might be key producers and mediators of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17 (REF. 74).…”