Crocin: Functional characteristics, extraction, food applications and efficacy against brain related disorders

Abstract

Crocin is a bioactive compound that naturally occurs in some medicinal plants, especially saffron and gardenia fruit. Different conventional and novel methods are used for its extraction. Due to some control conditions, recent methods such as ultrasonic extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme-associated extraction, microwave extraction, and pulsed electric field extraction are widely used because these methods give more yield and efficiency. Crocin is incorporated into different food products to make functional foods. However, it can also aid in the stability of food products. Due to its ability to protect against brain diseases, the demand for crocin has been rising in the pharmaceutical industry. It also contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidepressant qualities. This review aims to describe crocin and its role in developing functional food, extraction, and bioavailability in various brain-related diseases. The results of the literature strongly support the importance of crocin against various diseases and its use in making different functional foods.

The Influence of Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis Development

“…It would be difficult to establish specific data on intake and recommended daily intake of polyphenolic compounds, also without omitting important insoluble polyphenols [ 35 , 64 ]. Currently, it is believed that polyphenolic compounds should be consumed together with five daily meals, and such intake is estimated at 0.5–1 g. According to the collected data, the most ingested polyphenols were flavonoids, and their consumption in Western countries varies between 50–800 mg.…”

Evaluation of the fate of key bioactive pigments and physical properties of steamed bread fortified with Gardenia fruit pomace

“…The fruit of G. jasminoides , with the Chinese name ‘ Zhi Zi ’ after drying treatment, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Many biological properties in vitro and in vivo have been discovered by modern scientific evaluation in recent decades, including antidiabetic (Wang et al ., 2019), anti‐inflammatory (Wang et al ., 2020), anti‐depression (Tao et al ., 2014) and antioxidant properties (Ali et al ., 2022). Additionally, it has been reported that the fruit of G. jasminoides improved sleeping quality (Tian et al ., 2022).…”

Nutritional, biochemical, and clinical applications of carob: A review

“…It belongs to the plant family and derives from the Greek word “Kera.” These fruits have keratomorphic shapes which are the Latin word siliqua that refers to the pods' hardness and shape (Papaefstathiou et al, 2018). The carob tree ( C. siliqua L.) is a native tree in the region of Mediterranean, and there occupies great importance on account of economic and environmental conditions (Ali, Kousar, et al, 2022; Benković et al, 2016). Carob fruit has a tough‐to‐crack pod that is elongated, flat, arced or straight, and thick sutures.…”

“…The carob tree (C. siliqua L.) is a native tree in the region of Mediterranean, and there occupies great importance on account of economic and environmental conditions (Ali, Kousar, et al, 2022;Benković et al, 2016). Carob fruit has a tough-to-crack pod that is…”