Critique of the ACGIH 2016 derivation of toluene diisocyanate Threshold Limit Values

Lynch, Heather N.; Prueitt, Robyn L.; Goodman, Julie E.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.017

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Skin exposure is well recognised as a mechanism for inducing immune sensitisation in TDI-induced asthma, including production of allergen-specific IgE [4]. Although the reported incidence of dermal exposure to TDI varies substantially [18], it predisposes the body with a very low concentration of TDI and is technically much easier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-17F, rather than IL-17A, underlies airway inflammation in a steroid-insensitive toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma model

et al. 2019

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Steroid insensitivity constitutes a major problem for asthma management. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the leading allergens of asthma that induces both T-helper Th2 and Th17 responses, and is often associated with poor responsiveness to steroid treatment in the clinic.We sought to evaluate the effects of inhaled and systemic steroids on a TDI-induced asthma model and to find how interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F function in this model. BALB/c mice were exposed to TDI for generating an asthma model and were treated with inhaled fluticasone propionate, systemic prednisone, anti-IL-17A, anti-IL-17F, recombinant IL-17A or IL-17F.Both fluticasone propionate and prednisone showed no effects on TDI-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), bronchial neutrophilia and eosinophilia, and epithelial goblet cell metaplasia. TDI-induced Th2 and Th17 signatures were not suppressed by fluticasone propionate or prednisone. Treatment with anti-IL-17A after TDI exposure led to increased AHR, aggravated mucus production and airway eosinophil recruitment, accompanied by amplified Th2 responses, whereas anti-IL-17F ameliorated TDI-induced AHR and airway neutrophilia, with decreased Th17 responses. Recombinant IL-17A and IL-17F showed opposite effects to the monoclonal antibodies.IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during airway inflammation of a TDI-induced asthma model, which is unresponsive to both inhaled and systemic steroids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-17F, rather than IL-17A, underlies airway inflammation in a steroid-insensitive toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma model

et al. 2019

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“…This condition is possible because of the presence of Blood Testis Barrier (BTB), which is a protective barrier for the testis from harmful substances. 5 However, there was a pattern of increasing testicular MDA levels that is similar to plasma MDA levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…10 A study by Atsushi, et al in 1999 on Sprague Dawley rats found that toluene directly affected the epididymis at a dose of 6000 ppm for 5 weeks. 5 Meanwhile, other researches show that toluene exposure for 20 days with a dose of 1500 ppm for 4 hours per day against male Wistar rats did not directly affect the spermatogenesis process. 11 This research aims to find out the effect of toluene exposure on the early phase of spermatogenesis, namely Spermatogenia A.…”

Section: Toluenementioning

confidence: 97%

“…4 The effects of toluene on the human body can be acute and chronic. [5][6][7] The acute effect of toluene is determined by the source of the substance's entry into the body. Intake of toluene through acute inhalation or ingestion can cause systemic effects such as euphoria, excitation, hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, balance disorders, dysphasia, tremors, J Indon Med Assoc, Volum: 71, Nomor: 1, Februari-Maret 2021 respiratory depression, arrhythmias and convulsions.…”

Section: Toluenementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar

et al. 2021

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Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.

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“…It also refers to the highest limit that a person can hold without health effects. 66 Therefore, this parameter profoundly affects safety behavior, occupational health, and societal aspects regarding plant operation.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Analysis of Hydrogen Production via Biomass Gasification under Computer-Aided Safety and Environmental Assessments

2020

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The growing awareness to advance new ways to transform renewable materials for producing clean fuels, under technical and sustainable viability, is evident. In this regard, hydrogen arises as one of the cleanest and energetic biofuels in the market. This work addresses the modeling and evaluation of a biomass gasification topology employing process simulation along with an environmental and inherent safety analysis. The presented pathway considered two renewable raw materials (cassava and rice waste) based on their vast availability in north Colombia regions. We employed Aspen Plus process simulation software to model the process, setting biomasses (and ash content) as nonconventional solids in the software and inclusion of FORTRAN subroutines for handling solid properties. Otherwise, the environmental evaluation was performed applying the waste reduction algorithm (WAR). At the same time, safety assessment involves a comprehensive approach based on the inherent safety index (ISI) and the process route index (PRI) methods. Data generated from the implementation of rigorous process simulation of biomass gasification allowed us to determine the needed aspect for performing process analysis methodologies. Results revealed that this topology generates a total flow of 3944.51 kg/h with more than 97% vol of H 2 , from the sustainable use of 19,243 kg/h of cassava waste and 15,000 kg/h of rice straw. From the environmental viewpoint, the process showed moderately to a high overall rate of potential environmental impacts (PEIs), with a higher contribution from process sources than energy sources. It indicates that most of the generated impacts would come from self-operation than from the energy supply generation. In the case of process safety, the topology obtained an ISI score of 35, which represents that modeled gasification would operate below 50% of the expected neutral standard for a physical–chemical process. Complementing the safety evaluation, the obtained PRI suggests that compared to other processes, the analyzed topology shows relatively adequate performance considering the nature of this type of process.

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Critique of the ACGIH 2016 derivation of toluene diisocyanate Threshold Limit Values

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

IL-17F, rather than IL-17A, underlies airway inflammation in a steroid-insensitive toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma model

IL-17F, rather than IL-17A, underlies airway inflammation in a steroid-insensitive toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma model

The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar

Process Analysis of Hydrogen Production via Biomass Gasification under Computer-Aided Safety and Environmental Assessments

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