Critical Variables in 3D Food Printing

How to Formulate for Structure and Texture via Medium of Additive Manufacturing-A Review

“…3D food printing permits the creation of new geometries and offers original production ideas in food manufacturing with superior control over composition, structure, texture, and taste [67]. 3D food printing could provide a solution to reconfigure a specialised supply chain intended to assist people with special dietary requirements [68]. By combining the creation of uniquely textured foods with superior nutritional value [69] or ingredient combination during printing or using a multi-printing process that uses several ingredients [11], 3D food printing can lead to new directions in a domestic cooking or catering services [68].…”

“…3D food printing could provide a solution to reconfigure a specialised supply chain intended to assist people with special dietary requirements [68]. By combining the creation of uniquely textured foods with superior nutritional value [69] or ingredient combination during printing or using a multi-printing process that uses several ingredients [11], 3D food printing can lead to new directions in a domestic cooking or catering services [68]. Personalising/customising food, both in terms of sensory and nutritional profiles for special consumer groups (young people, the elderly, pregnant women, athletes, etc.)…”

“…Furthermore, due to its flexible nature, 3D food printing will promote the incorporation of low-carbon food ingredients (algae, insects, etc.) into pioneering edible objects [68]. 3D printing seafood and meat from cells (here is a review on 3D printing of meat [70]), or plant protein resources with similar taste and texture to the original leads to the development of foods at reduced environmental impact and improved quality [2].…”

Model Building and Slicing in Food 3D Printing Processes: A Review

“…This instruction has a number of parameters, and the complete form is as follows: G0 Xnnn Ynnn Znnn Ennn Fnnn Snnn. Where, Xnnn represents the moving position of the X ‐axis; Ynnn represents the moving position of the Y ‐axis; Znnn represents the moving position of Z ‐axis; Ennn represents the moving position of the E ‐axis (extrusion head stepper motor); Fnnn denotes speed in millimeters per minute; Snnn indicates whether to check the limit switch, S0 does not check, S1 check, the default value is S0 (Derossi, Caporizzi, Ricci, & Severini, ). However, as an instruction to drive the motion of 3D printers, it is impossible to construct complex shapes by G0 and G1 alone.…”

“…In FDM 3D printing, the extrusion rate is a parameter regarding the extruding speed of slurries per second. This parameter setting is a control of the E ‐axis, which is associated with the rate of the step motor controlling the piston of extruder (Derossi et al., ). Referring to the above‐mentioned Eq.…”