Critical Updates on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2021

Philips, Cyriac Abby; Ahamed, Rizwan; Abduljaleel, Jinsha K; Rajesh, Sasidharan; Augustine, Philip

doi:10.7759/cureus.19152

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Starting from these clear data, both the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease and European Association for the Study of the Liver stated that severely obese patients should be carefully studied before LT and that high-degree obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m 2 for North America and BMI > 35 kg/m 2 for Europe) can represent a relative contraindication for LT itself [1,35] .…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The renal condition is a very important point in the management of LT recipients since the main immunosuppressant drug category (calcineurin inhibitors) shows well-known nephrotoxicity [1] . Indeed, patients with NASH deserve particular attention, and newly defined protocols to minimize the calcineurin inhibitor dosages in this specific subgroup of recipients should be implemented.…”

Section: Kidney Disease Before and After Transplantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liver transplantation (LT) represents a consolidated therapy for acute liver failure, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Liver transplantation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the state of the art

Gitto,

Mannelli,

Tassi

et al. 2022

Metab Target Organ Damage

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents one of the most diffuse liver diseases worldwide. It is a condition ranging from liver steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NASH-related cirrhosis. Recently, the term metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease has been proposed in place of NAFLD, accenting the metabolic and cardiovascular risks that accompany hepatic disease. In the last decades, NASH and NASH-related cirrhosis have been the fastest growing indications for liver transplantation (LT), and they will probably overcome the other indications in next future. After LT, recipients show an important increase in body weight due to a greater caloric intake, partially because of the metabolic influence of immunosuppressant drugs, favoring the development of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, and arterial hypertension. These metabolic complications will, in turn, elevate cardiovascular risk in this population. In this review, we analyze the main metabolic challenges of both pre-and post-LT periods.

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Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kidney Disease Before and After Transplantmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Liver transplantation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the state of the art

Gitto,

Mannelli,

Tassi

et al. 2022

Metab Target Organ Damage

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“…The presence of HBeAg in serum suggests prevented or decreased virus replication. HBeAg can repress the cellular immune response to HBsAg, thereby reducing perinatal transmission and promoting chronic infection[ 37 , 44 ]. The longest ORF is the P gene, encoding most of the virus genome (80%) and viral polymerase (reverse transcriptase)[ 45 ].…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cccDNA is associated with cellular histones and forms a minichromosome. Each viral protein has a promoter and mRNA, except for reverse transcriptase, translated from the same pgRNA as the virus core protein[ 37 , 44 ]. The onset of infection is indicated by the expression of core proteins and polymerase from pgRNA.…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Škrlec¹,

Talapko²

2022

WJG

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The circadian rhythm in humans is determined by the central clock located in the hypothalamus’s suprachiasmatic nucleus, and it synchronizes the peripheral clocks in other tissues. Circadian clock genes and clock-controlled genes exist in almost all cell types. They have an essential role in many physiological processes, including lipid metabolism in the liver, regulation of the immune system, and the severity of infections. In addition, circadian rhythm genes can stimulate the immune response of host cells to virus infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver disease and liver cancer globally. HBV infection depends on the host cell, and hepatocyte circadian rhythm genes are associated with HBV replication, survival, and spread. The core circadian rhythm proteins, REV-ERB and brain and muscle ARNTL-like protein 1, have a crucial role in HBV replication in hepatocytes. In addition to influencing the virus’s life cycle, the circadian rhythm also affects the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antiviral vaccines. Therefore, it is vital to apply antiviral therapy at the appropriate time of day to reduce toxicity and improve the effectiveness of antiviral treatment. For these reasons, understanding the role of the circadian rhythm in the regulation of HBV infection and host responses to the virus provides us with a new perspective of the interplay of the circadian rhythm and anti-HBV therapy. Therefore, this review emphasizes the importance of the circadian rhythm in HBV infection and the optimization of antiviral treatment based on the circadian rhythm-dependent immune response.

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Association of long noncoding RNA H19 rs2839698 C/T with hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk

Motawi,

Mady,

Elhelbawy

et al. 2024

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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The intricate pathogenesis of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been fully elucidated. H19 is one of the earliest imprinted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with liver pathobiology. This study investigated the association of H19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2839698 C/T and rs217727 C/T with HBV and HBV‐related HCC and their correlation with H19 expression level. A total of 230 subjects were enrolled in this study including 100 HBV‐infected patients, 30 HBV‐related HCC patients, and 100 apparently healthy controls. TaqMan genotyping human assays were utilized to assess allelic discrimination for H19 SNPs. H19 expression was assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Our findings showed that H19 rs2839698 was linked to a higher incidence of HBV infection and HBV‐related HCC. Individuals who bear the CT genotype of rs2839698 were more susceptible to HBV infection (OR = 3.05; 95% CI 1.714–5.457; p < 0.001). Those harboring the TT genotype were more prone to develop HCC (OR = 2.625; 95% CI 1.037–6.64; p = 0.038). Our data revealed that rs2839698 could function as a promising predictor of HCC risk. Furthermore, H19 was significantly downregulated in HBV (p < 0.01) and HCC (p < 0.01) patients versus the control group. Significant upregulation of H19 in HCC patients with cirrhosis (p < 0.001) was detected. Altogether, this is considered the first prospective case‐control study to address the implication of the genetic variations of H19 SNPs in HBV and HBV‐related HCC in Egyptian patients.

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Critical Updates on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2021

Cited by 10 publications

References 196 publications

Liver transplantation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the state of the art

Liver transplantation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the state of the art

Hepatitis B and circadian rhythm of the liver

Association of long noncoding RNA H19 rs2839698 C/T with hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk

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