“…(Davies, 2014, p. 260) Critical charity and philanthropy studies have grown in focus in recent years (see Eikenberry et al, 2019). Stimulated both by a concern that overly managerialist and neocorporatist approaches to studying voluntary action had led to an unquestioning attitude to the place of giving in society and the unequal power relations revealed by large-scale philanthropy alongside a failure to diversify in theory (Coule et al, 2022) and method (Dean & Wiley, 2022), these studies have examined the social relationships, unequal power relations, and problematic motivations within giving. These include a focus on the social and political issues that emerge with reliance on foundations (McGoey, 2015), donations and tax abuse (Reich, 2018), the problematic organization of the international aid field (Krause, 2014), the misuse of charitable trust (McCormack, 2020), and, key for us here, the role of charity in reputation management and laundering (Burgess et al, 2018;Dean, 2020;Giridharadas, 2018;Radden Keefe, 2021).…”