“…For the validation of the full-scale model, and because this load-bearing model considers the wall submitted to fire from both sides, the standard fire ISO834 has been applied for the bulk temperature of the furnace side, while a different fire scenario (lower bulk temperature) has been applied on the other side (due to the limitation of the experimental testing facilities). Two numerical techniques have been used, based on our previous experience to validate 3D numerical models [19,20]. For the reduced-scale model, an extra boundary condition for convection and radiation is considered inside the cavity, based on the bulk cavity temperature measured during the experimental tests developed in the LTFW with a single and a double cladding system.…”