Critical study of preanalytical and analytical phases of adenine and pyridine nucleotide assay in human whole blood

Analytical Approaches for the Quantitation of Redox-active Pyridine Dinucleotides in Biological Matrices

“…NAD(P) + and NAD(P)H, respectively) ( Fig. 1) can provide information on the effect of dietary factors or drug candidates [2]. One of the most important coenzymes in hydride transfer reactions is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ).…”

“…cer.) [9,31,32], and Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 [33] was monitored, and whole blood [2,12], serum and plasma [6,7,34] urine [6], cultured cells [6-9, 30, 34, 35], cerebrospinal fluid [34], and tissues [4,6,7,31,34] were used as samples.…”

“…Caruso et al investigated the preanalytical phase of blood adenine and pyridine nucleotide determination [2]. They performed a double extraction method and two different chromatographic runs for reduced and oxidized forms of nucleotides.…”

“…Severe disturbance in the redox balance, e.g. oxidative stress, which is often caused by an external impact is an important component of the pathomechanism of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, myocardial ischemia, unstable angina and ischemia reperfusion injury [2]. The largely autonomous redox homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is based on the co-localization of a reduced pyridine dinucleotide NAD(P) + /NAD(P)H system and an oxidized thiol-disulfide system.…”

“…This ER stress stimulates a complex signalling network referred to as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is primarily adaptive, but it can also lead to different destructive downstream effects including inflammations, apoptosis and insulin resistance [3]. Ratio of oxidized and reduced forms of pyridine dinucleotides gives precious information about redox metabolism disorders or energetic alterations [2]. Thus, precise measurement of these nucleotides has become essential.…”