Critical roles of binders and formulation at multiscales of silicon-based composite electrodes

Mazouzi, Driss; Karkar, Zouina; Hernandez, Cuauhtémoc Reale; Manero, P. Jimenez; Guyomard, Dominique; Roué, Lionel; Lestriez, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.140

Cited by 206 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…In particular, it has to be kept in mind that the commercial preparation of graphite anodes is performed using an aqueous processing route, i.e., using carboxy methylcellulose (CMC)-SBR-based binders. Furthermore, also the state-of-the-art preparation route for Si-containing anodes is based on aqueous processing using mostly polyacrylic acid (PAA)-based binders [78].…”

Section: Pre-lithiation By Direct Contact To Lithium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to their high reactivity, lithiated active materials are not compatible with polar processing solvents, in particular with aqueous processing. This is a major problem for Si and other high-capacity anode active materials, where the state-of-the-art binders (CMC/SBR or PAA) are typically processed with water as solvent [78].…”

Section: Pre-lithiation By Use Of Lithiated Active Materials As Negatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In order to meet the sophisticated demands for large-scale applications such as electro-mobility, next generation energy storage technologies require advanced electrode active materials with enhanced gravimetric and volumetric capacities to achieve increased gravimetric energy and volumetric energy densities. However, most of these materials suffer from high 1st cycle active lithium losses, e.g., caused by solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, which in turn hinder their broad commercial use so far. In general, the loss of active lithium permanently decreases the available energy by the consumption of lithium from the positive electrode material. Pre-lithiation is considered as a highly appealing technique to compensate for active lithium losses and, therefore, to increase the practical energy density. Various pre-lithiation techniques have been evaluated so far, including electrochemical and chemical pre-lithiation, pre-lithiation with the help of additives or the pre-lithiation by direct contact to lithium metal. In this review article, we will give a comprehensive overview about the various concepts for pre lithiation and controversially discuss their advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we will critically discuss possible effects on the cell performance and stability and assess the techniques with regard to their possible commercial exploration.

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Section: Pre-lithiation By Direct Contact To Lithium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-lithiation By Use Of Lithiated Active Materials As Negatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

et al. 2018

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“…14,15 Numerous strategies have been undertaken to solve these stress induced problems that affect the electrochemical properties of the electrode including the use of nanoparticles, which limit the stress induced damage from large volume changes, 16,17 containing the capacity of silicon to 1200 mAh/g, 18 the use of electrolyte additives for better SEI formation, 19 novel binders that can accommodate the stress or modify the surface of the silicon particles 20,21 and structure modification of the electrode materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Citric Acid Based Pre-SEI for Improvement of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

Chandrasiri

Nguyen

Parimalam

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Silicon electrodes are of interest to the lithium ion battery industry due to high gravimetric capacity (∼3580 mAh/g), natural abundance, and low toxicity. However, the process of alloying and dealloying during cell cycling, causes the silicon particles to undergo a dramatic volume change of approximately 280% which leads to electrolyte consumption, pulverization of the electrode, and poor cycling. In this study, the formation of an ex-situ artificial SEI on the silicon nanoparticles with citric acid has been investigated. Citric acid (CA) which was previously used as a binder for silicon electrodes was used to modify the surface of the nanoparticles to generate an artificial SEI, which could inhibit electrolyte decomposition on the surface of the silicon nanoparticles. The results suggest improved capacity retention of ∼60% after 50 cycles for the surface modified silicon electrodes compared to 45% with the surface unmodified electrode. Similar improvements in capacity retention are observed upon citric acid surface modification for silicon graphite composite/ LiCoO 2 cells. Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the portable electronic device market for over two decades due to high energy density, good rate capability, and long cycle life. [1][2][3] Graphite is the most frequently used commercial anode material. Although graphite has good performance, low cost and high capacity retention, the relatively modest storage capacity (∼370 mAh/g) has driven investigations of alternative anode materials.4 Different anode materials with greater storage capacity have been investigated including lithium metal, tin, silicon and other metal alloys. While lithium metal anodes are very appealing, dendrite formation after long term cycling results in significant safety concerns.5-7 Therefore, the use of lithium alloying compounds has been intensively investigated over the last decade. Silicon is the most attractive alloying anode material due to its high theoretical capacity. Lithiation of silicon results in the formation of alloys such as Li 15 Si 4 with a theoretical capacity of 3580 mAh/g. 8,9 In addition, silicon has a high volumetric capacity of 9786 mAh/ cm 3 . 10Silicon is abundant and has low toxicity which makes it a good candidate for an anode material for commercial batteries. Silicon also exhibits a discharge voltage of ∼0.4 V vs Li/Li + which allows it to maintain an open circuit potential which avoids lithium plating. 9,[11][12][13] While theoretically interesting, there are numerous factors that make silicon electrode use difficult. Some of the important factors include the volume variation during the lithiation and delithiation process of 280% which leads to pulverization of the electrode, instability of the SEI due to the volume variation, and damage to the electrode laminate.14,15 Numerous strategies have been undertaken to solve these stress induced problems that affect the electrochemical properties of the electrode including the use of nanoparticles, which limit the stress induced damage from larg...

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“…5,6 Presently, there is much interest in developing effective binders for siliconbased electrodes. Crosslinked elastomeric polymer (PVDF + tetrafluoroethylene + propylene) was shown to maintain good capacity retention for amorphous Si-Sn electrodes in spite of the 125% volume change.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Capacity Silicon Electrodes with Nafion as Binders for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhang

Cheng

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Silicon is capable of delivering a high theoretical specific capacity of 3579 mAh g −1 which is about 10 times higher than that of the state-of-the-art graphite based negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, the poor cycle life of silicon electrodes, caused by the large volumetric strain during cycling, limits the commercialization of silicon electrodes. As one of the essential components, the polymeric binder is critical to the performance and durability of lithium-ion batteries as it keeps the integrity of electrodes, maintains conductive path and must be stable in the electrolyte. In this work, we demonstrate that electrodes consisting of silicon nanoparticles mixed with commercially available Nafion and ion-exchanged Nafion can maintain a high specific capacity over 2000 mAh g −1 cycled between 1.0 V and 0.01 V. For comparison, the capacity of electrodes made of the same silicon nanoparticles mixed with a traditional binder, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), fades rapidly. In addition, stable cycling at 1C rate for more than 500 cycles is achieved by limiting the lithiation capacity to 1200 mAh g There is an intense effort worldwide to develop new electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to satisfy future high power and energy density applications. Silicon can provide theoretical capacity up to 3579 mAh g −1 (based on Li 15 Si 4 ), which is about ten times higher than that of graphite electrode. 1 Resulting from large volume changes as lithium goes into and out of silicon, cracking and pulverization of Si electrodes can cause the loss of electrical contact and new solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on exposed surface, leading to rapid capacity fade. Novel binders and nanostructured silicon are two general approaches to improve the durability and performance of silicon electrodes.For commercial LIBs, electrodes are composed of three essential components, which are active material, conductive additive and binder. The fundamental role of binder is to keep the electrode mechanically intact and adhered well to the current collector. Other ideal characteristics of binders include electrochemical stability over wide potential range, high melting point, low swelling rate in nonaqueous electrolyte, high lithium ionic conductivity, high electrical conductivity, capability to sustain volume change of active material particles, and good manufacturability.2-4 Today, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, monomer -CH 2 -CF 2 -) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) are commonly used as binders for graphite anodes, and PVDF and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, monomer -CF 2 -CF 2 -) can be used as binders for cathodes. 2PVDF is known to perform poorly for high energy density electrode materials, such as silicon, because it fails to accommodate the large volume change during lithiation and delithiation. 5,6 Presently, there is much interest in developing effective binders for siliconbased electrodes. Crosslinked elastomeric polymer (PVDF + tetrafluoroethylene + propylene) was shown to maintain good cap...

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Critical roles of binders and formulation at multiscales of silicon-based composite electrodes

Cited by 206 publications

References 100 publications

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Pre-Lithiation Strategies for Rechargeable Energy Storage Technologies: Concepts, Promises and Challenges

Citric Acid Based Pre-SEI for Improvement of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

High Capacity Silicon Electrodes with Nafion as Binders for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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