Critical Review on Sustainability in Denim: A Step toward Sustainable Production and Consumption of Denim

Abstract

The exponential development in knowledge on the health and environmental concerns linked to conventional denim processing is directly responsible for the continuous increase in demand for the exploitation of sustainable denim. Research is essential to explore alternative methods to reduce the environmental impact caused by these industries. This review examines the many sustainable ways to produce denim, keeping in mind the problems that the denim industry is now facing in finding alternatives to conventional manufacturing practices. The most current advancements in environmentally friendly dyeing techniques for denim have been extensively discussed. These processes include the production of indigo from bacteria as well as different dyeing processes, such as digital spray, microbially assisted dyeing, and foam dyeing denim with indigo. In addition, this review covers the many environmentally friendly finishing methods for denim garments, such as ozone fading, e-flow, enzyme-based bleaching, water, laser fading, and so on. Finally, it is described how the chemical and mechanical processes used to finish denim might affect the amount of microplastics and microfibers released from the denim garment during domestic washing. As a result, the content presented in this review aims to address the importance of sustainable denim processing, that is, something that can be rethought, reevaluated, renewed, and restructured within the scope of conventional denim processes, while taking eco-responsible solutions for increased environmental sustainability into account.

Small Molecule Optical Probes for Detection of H2S in Water Samples: A Review

“…55 Over time, a diverse array of organic molecules capable of fluorescing in different colors have been discovered or synthesized. Two notable examples are fluorescein 56 and rhodamine 57 derivatives, initially reported in the late 19th century. These compounds have gained significance as representative platforms extensively utilized in contemporary fluorescent labels and probes for bioimaging applications.…”

Microfiber Emissions from Functionalized Textiles: Potential Threat for Human Health and Environmental Risks

“…These heavy metals are non-biodegradable and difficult to clean up due to their complicated chemical makeup [ 58 ]. Consequently, the microfibers released from these textile materials contain heavy metals, which have carcinogenic, toxic, and nonbiodegradable effects that, in turn, cause enormous environmental problems [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Additionally, the metals are coated on the surface of the fibers to produce conductive textiles for electromagnetic shielding applications [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”

“…Vat dye is particularly effective in coloring cellulose fibers, and it has excellent fastness against various agents such as detergent, bleach, and light due to its insoluble nature in water [ 61 , 87 , 88 , 89 ] ( Figure 5 ). Indigo, a natural dye extracted from the Indigofera plant, is the best example of a vat dye [ 90 , 91 ].…”

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