Critical review on secondary zinc resources and their recycling technologies

Kaya, Muammer; Hussaini, Shokrullah; Kurşunoğlu, Sait

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105362

Cited by 95 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 123 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The neoformation of difficult-to-leach zinc-containing compounds, i.e. ZnFe2O4, Zn2SiO4 and Ca2ZnSi2O7 (Mujahed, 1966;Zhang et al, 2013;Stefanova et al, 2015;Kaya et al, 2020), in the ore samples heated especially at high temperatures, i.e. 1173 K, the leaching efficiency values of zinc reduced greatly for all of the sodium hydroxide concentrations studied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of heating on structure and leaching characteristics of a zinc carbonate ore

Kumaş¹,

Obut²

2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, the structural changes occurred in a zinc carbonate (smithsonite) ore sample following heating at temperatures between 523 K and 1173 K were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal (TG/DTA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses. Afterwards, the leaching characteristics of zinc from the ore sample and the heated ore samples in sodium hydroxide solutions were determined. While heating at 523 K did not cause any structural change in the ore sample, heating at 723 K completely converted smithsonite (ZnCO3) in the ore sample to zinc oxide (ZnO), which resulted lower zinc leaching efficiencies of 40.6% and 62.0% for 3 and 4 mol/dm 3 NaOH concentrations, respectively, in comparison to zinc leaching efficiencies (67.2% and 70.7%) obtained for the unheated ore sample. On the other hand, due to neoformation of dissolution resistant ZnFe2O4, Ca2ZnSi2O7 and Zn2SiO4 phases during heating and formation of CaZn2(OH)6•2H2O phase during leaching, the leaching efficiency of zinc further decreased to 22.2% and 31.3%, respectively, in 3 and 4 mol/dm 3 NaOH solutions for the ore sample heated at 1173 K. The formation of zinc-containing dissolution resistant phases by high-temperature heating was observed to be the only reason for the reduction in the zinc leaching efficiency (49.4% at 1173 K) at the highest NaOH concentration (8 mol/dm 3 ) studied. In this work, the comparative precipitation studies were also conducted and crystalline zinc oxides with different morphologies could be precipitated at considerably high efficiencies from the selected pregnant solutions obtained following leaching.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of heating on structure and leaching characteristics of a zinc carbonate ore

Kumaş¹,

Obut²

2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Zinc metal is widely used in various fields of social life, and its social consumption is only inferior to copper and aluminum in non-ferrous metals. Zinc can be cast with a variety of metals into alloys with excellent physical and chemical properties due to its good ductility and wear resistance [1]. At present, zinc is widely used in the field of galvanizing because of its good corrosion resistance [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Zinc and Iron from Steel Mill Dust—An Overview of Available Technologies

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The global shortage of zinc mines makes the extraction of zinc from zinc-containing wastes a hot research topic. Most kinds of steel mill dust (SMD) cannot be directly returned to the ironmaking and steelmaking processes due to their zinc content. A large amount of SMD produced during steelmaking has become a major challenge for steel plants due to environmental pollution, health issues and land scarcity. Lots of processes for recovering metals from SMD have been developed to comprehensively utilize them and solve these environmental problems. Zinc in SMD can be recovered by these technologies, and the residue can be used as raw material for ironmaking. In this work, the sources and characteristics of SMD from different processes were analyzed firstly. Then, the mechanisms of physical, hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical and pyrometallurgy–hydrometallurgy combined processes for SMD disposal are presented, and these methods are compared in terms of energy consumption, process complexity and industrial application. Finally, suggestions and prospects for utilization of SMD are put forward.

show abstract

“…As the primary resource of zinc metal, zinc ores are generally classified into two: the sulfide and the nonsulfide ores (Mondillo et al, 2018). Because of the rising demand for zinc metal and the decreasing zinc sulfide ore reserves, in recent years, the interest for the processing of nonsulfide zinc ores, and especially smithsonite (ZnCO3) ores, are increasing (Abkhoshk et al, 2014;Rao et al, 2015;Kaya et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). The lower zinc grade, complex nature and the presence of carbonate (e.g., calcite, dolomite) and/or iron (e.g., goethite) containing impurities in smithsonite ores encouraged the use of leaching processes conducted in aqueous sodium hydroxide and ammoniacal solutions, both are selective due to their complexing abilities for zinc (lead and/or cadmium) against the dominant calcium, magnesium and/or iron containing gangue, for their evaluation (Zhao and Stanforth, 2000;Qin et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Rao et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of different zinc compounds from a smithsonite ore through ammonia leaching and subsequent heat treatment

Ehsani¹,

Ehsani²,

Obut³

2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, firstly, the effects of ammonia concentration, leaching time and solid/liquid ratio on the leaching behaviour of zinc from a smithsonite (ZnCO3) ore sample in aqueous ammonia solutions were investigated at room temperature by chemical, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fouriertransform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses. It was found that leaching ratio of zinc steeply increased from 30.1 to 76.2% with increasing ammonia concentration from 1.0 to 4.0 M and maximum zinc leaching ratio of 79.7% was reached after leaching in 13.3 M NH3 solution. The XRD pattern of the residue obtained after leaching in 4.0 M NH3 solution for 90 min at solid/liquid ratio of 0.15 g/mL, the optimum condition, showed that smithsonite phase in the ore sample almost completely dissolved whereas the gangue minerals goethite and calcite remained unaffected, confirming the selectivity of ammonia solution for zinc dissolution. Together with zinc, leaching ratios of cadmium were also determined. In second part of the study, precipitation tests (by complete drying at different temperatures) were conducted on dissolved zinc, carbonate and ammonia containing pregnant solutions obtained after selected leaching experiments. By complete drying of the pregnant solutions at low temperatures, i.e. 50°C, relatively pure solid zinc ammine carbonate (Zn(NH3)CO3) precipitates and at higher temperatures, i.e. 150°C, quite pure solid zinc carbonate hydroxide (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6) precipitates could be prepared. High-temperature heating of Zn(NH3)CO3 and Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 precipitates at 450°C yielded single-phase zinc oxide (ZnO). The chemical compositions, FT-IR spectra and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of some of the precipitates were also presented.

show abstract

Critical review on secondary zinc resources and their recycling technologies

Cited by 95 publications

References 123 publications

Effect of heating on structure and leaching characteristics of a zinc carbonate ore

Effect of heating on structure and leaching characteristics of a zinc carbonate ore

Recovery of Zinc and Iron from Steel Mill Dust—An Overview of Available Technologies

Preparation of different zinc compounds from a smithsonite ore through ammonia leaching and subsequent heat treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About