Critical Review of Variables Used to Define Effects of Fines in Redds of Large Salmonids

Chapman, D. W.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0001:crovut>2.3.co;2

Cited by 442 publications

(505 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…geometric mean (d g ), sorting coefficient (S 0 ) and Fredle index (F i : index of permeability; Lotspeich and Everest 1981) might be better descriptors for survival rates (d g : Rubin and Glimsater 1996;F i : Chapman 1988;S 0 : Ingendahl 2001). However, other studies found no clear relationships between these parameters and survival rates (d g : Chapman 1988;Rubin 1998;Ingendahl 2001;F i : Ingendahl 2001). Neither percentage of fine sediment nor these grain size-based measures showed to be well related to survival rates in studies on Atlantic salmon (Greig et al 2005a;Levasseur et al 2006).…”

Section: Sediment Deposition and Riverbed Clogging Influencing Embryomentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As fines are usually transported downstream by currents during redd construction, the initial percentage of fines in the redd is often reported to be lower (e.g. −32%; −41% <2 mm) than in the surrounding substrate (Chapman 1988;Montgomery et al 1996;Kondolf 2000, Zimmermann andLapointe 2005). The latter ensures, together with the specific form of the redd, a sufficient exchange of water between the stream and the interstitial (Kondolf 2000), at least at the beginning of incubation (Zimmermann and Lapointe 2005).…”

Section: Habitat Requirements Of Gravel-spawning Brown Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of fine sediments is often used as an indicator for reduced interstitial flow and oxygen supply and related to embryo survival and emergence success of salmonids (Chapman 1988). However, results from different studies where survival rates were correlated to percent of fines are difficult to compare and even sometimes contradicting (Chapman 1988;Greig et al 2005a)-probably also due to different thresholds for grain size of fine sediments, which had been used (Chapman 1988).…”

Section: Sediment Deposition and Riverbed Clogging Influencing Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, results from different studies where survival rates were correlated to percent of fines are difficult to compare and even sometimes contradicting (Chapman 1988;Greig et al 2005a)-probably also due to different thresholds for grain size of fine sediments, which had been used (Chapman 1988). As a consequence, it was suggested that other grain size-based descriptors of gravel composition (e.g.…”

Section: Sediment Deposition and Riverbed Clogging Influencing Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background, aim, and scope Catch decline of freshwater fish has been recorded in several countries. Among the possible causes, habitat change is discussed. This article focuses on potentially increased levels of fine sediments going to rivers and their effects on gravel-spawning brown trout. Indications of increased erosion rates are evident from land-use change in agriculture, changes in forest management practices, and from climate change. The latter induces an increase in air and river water temperatures, reduction in permafrost, changes in snow dynamics and an increase in heavy rain events. As a result, an increase in river sediment is likely. Suspended sediment may affect fish health and behaviour directly. Furthermore, sediment loads may clog gravel beds impeding fish such as brown trout from spawning and reducing recruitment rates. To assess the potential impact on fine sediments, knowledge of brown trout reproductive needs and the effects of sediment on brown trout health were evaluated. Approach We critically reviewed the literature and included results from ongoing studies to answer the following questions, focusing on recent decades and rivers in alpine countries.-Have climate change and land-use change increased erosion and sediment loads in rivers? -Do we have indications of an increase in riverbed clogging?-Are there indications of direct or indirect effects on brown trout from increased suspended sediment concentrations in rivers or from an increase in riverbed clogging?Results Rising air temperatures have led to more intensive precipitation in winter months, earlier snow melt in spring, and rising snow lines and hence to increased erosion. Intensification of land use has supported erosion in lowland and prealpine areas in the second half of the twentieth century. In the Alps, however, reforestation of abandoned land at high altitudes might reduce the erosion risk while intensification on the lower, more easily accessible slopes increases erosion risk. Data from laboratory experiments show that suspended sediments affect the health and behaviour of fish when available in high amounts. Point measurements in large rivers indicate no common lethal threat and suspended sediment is rarely measured continuously in small rivers. However, effects on fish can be expected under environmentally relevant conditions. River bed clogging impairs the reproductive performance of gravel-spawning fish. Discussion Overall, higher erosion and increased levels of fine sediment going into rivers are expected in future. Additionally, sediment loads in rivers are suspected to have considerably impaired gravel bed structure and brown trout spawning is impeded. Timing of discharge is put forward and is now more likely to affect brown trout spawning than in previous decades. Conclusions Reports on riverbed clogging from changes in erosion and fine sediment deposition patterns, caused by climate change and land-use change are rare. This review identifies both a risk of increases in climate erosive forces and fine sedi...

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Section: Sediment Deposition and Riverbed Clogging Influencing Embryomentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Habitat Requirements Of Gravel-spawning Brown Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment Deposition and Riverbed Clogging Influencing Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sediment Deposition and Riverbed Clogging Influencing Embryomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Le devenir des oeufs de salmonidés enfouis sous les graviers est fortement dépendant des conditions à leur proximité immédiate (CHAPMAN, 1988). La perméabilité des graviers et le renouvellement de l'eau dans la poche d'oeufs sont des paramètres de survie essentiels puisqu'ils conditionnent l'oxygénation correcte des embryons lors de leur développement (VAUX, 1962 ;BESCHTA et JACKSON, 1979 ;HENDRICKS et WHITE, 1991) et permettent l'évacuation des déchets azotés issus du métabolisme.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Expositions d'oeufs de truite commune (Salmo trutta) à des hypoxies temporaires ou continue : effets sur la branchie, la résorption de la vésicule vitelline et les caractéristiques morphométriques des alevins

Massa¹,

Delorme²,

Baglinière³

et al. 1999

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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Des études menées en rivière sur l'oxygénation dans les frayères à salmonidés ont suggéré que la survie des embryons pendant la phase sous graviers dépend de la teneur en oxygène dans les frayères à certains moments clés du développement. Deux expérimentations ont ainsi été mises en place afin de tester les effets d'hypoxies de 3 mg/l appliquées de façon temporaire (7 jours) ou en continu sur le développement d'embryons de truite commune (Salmo trutta). Les effets ont été analysés en terme de survie, croissance et résorption de la vésicule vitelline, dynamique d'éclosion et mise en place de l'appareil branchial après l'éclosion en hypoxie continue et à saturation.Les résultats ont montré que la teneur en oxygène de 3 mg/l à un débit de circulation de l'eau de 300 ml/min n'est pas létale pour les embryons, mais qu'elle induit des effets sublétaux à partir de la 3 ème semaine de développement : les dates d'éclosion sont retardées, la longueur à la fourche des alevins est significativement réduite ainsi que EARLY LIFE DEVELOPMENT OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA) EGGS UNDER TEMPORARY OR CONTINUOUS HYPOXIAL STRESS : EFFECTS ON THE GILLS, YOLK SAC RESORPTION AND MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS. ABSTRACTEcological studies on oxygénation in redds in salmonid streams suggest that the egg-to-fry survival strongly dépends on oxygen supply at key stages of development. This probably results in an increased eggs mortality. Thus two experiments have been carried out to test the effects of temporary or continuous hypoxial stress on early life development of brown trout (Salmo trutta) eggs. Survival, growth, hatching and yolk-sac résorption dynamics were analysed as well as branchial development after hatching in oxygenated and deoxygenated (3 mg/l at a 300 ml/min water flow) conditions.The results show that this oxygen concentration is not lethal for the embryos at hatching. However sublethal effects are observed when hypoxial stress is applied three weeks after fertilisation : hatching time is delayed, alevins are shorter, water content and yolk-sac conversion rate are lower than the ones from the control. More pronounced effects are observed under continuous hypoxie condition and higher mortalities are counted after hatching and until yolk sac résorption. This is probably due to limited respiratory exchanges linked to a reduced development of the gills.

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Instream mesohabitat biodiversity in three groundwater streams under base-flow conditions

Wood

Armitage

Cannan

et al. 1999

Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.

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1. Concerns regarding the ecological functioning and biodiversity of groundwater‐dominated rivers have been highlighted in the wake of increased water resource pressures, channel management activities and natural drought. 2. The macroinvertebrate communities within three groundwater‐dominated streams in the UK, subject to different management strategies, were examined in relation to substratum mesohabitat diversity. 3. The mesohabitat structure was similar at all three sites examined but the number of taxa present at each site varied markedly. 4. Differences found at each site are related to (i) recent hydrological conditions (drought severity) and (ii) management activities, and are discussed with reference to the conservation and restoration of riverine systems. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Critical Review of Variables Used to Define Effects of Fines in Redds of Large Salmonids

Cited by 442 publications

References 25 publications

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Expositions d'oeufs de truite commune (Salmo trutta) à des hypoxies temporaires ou continue : effets sur la branchie, la résorption de la vésicule vitelline et les caractéristiques morphométriques des alevins

Instream mesohabitat biodiversity in three groundwater streams under base-flow conditions

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