Critical review of multigeneration system powered by geothermal energy resource from the energy, exergy, and economic point of views

Abstract

Concerns about greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels have made the use of renewable sources the world's most important energy challenge. Among renewable energies, geothermal energy has a special place due to its sustainable resources and shallow environmental impacts. These energy sources are classified as low-grade thermal energy sources, so they cannot independently provide a high amount of thermal energy. Therefore, extensive studies have been conducted on practical methods of using geothermal energy for multigeneration productions. Studies on geothermal energy-based systems to supply energy to various systems such as chillers, electrolyzers, turbines, and desalination units are reviewed in this study. As the methods, scenarios, and practical possibilities of multigenerational system (MGS) are limited, in this study, while expressing the limitations and problems of these systems, the most critical issues raised in this issue are examined and analyzed, and compatibility, products, Levelized cost of energy, energy and exergy efficiencies, and technical issues are summarized. Also, due to the limitations of geothermal energy sources in recent studies, their combination with other renewable energy sources has been evaluated. Therefore, the classification of studies conducted to combine renewable energy sources with the geothermal system to achieve multigeneration productions is thrown in the last part of this study. The results of the studies show that the combination of geothermal energy with other renewable energy sources is used in 90% of cases to provide heat and cold load and in 10% of cases to generate electrical power. These systems also improve energy and exergy efficiency and economic viability by increasing stability.

Municipal Geothermal Systems: Evaluation of Three Hungarian Cases

“…The temperature, which typically varies from 20 °C to 180 °C, strongly affects the possible utilization. Lower-temperature working fluid is applied as hot water for low-grade temperature applications such as heat-pump-powered systems, while high temperatures are utilized as saturated steam in binary plants and drying processors [13]. Multi-faceted systems aim to simultaneously utilize deep, medium-deep, and shallow geothermal resources for district heating and cooling, making it a promising future development area [14].…”

Utilization of Small Solar-ORC Integrated with Organic PCMs in Hungary Condition

“…However, because it employs hydrocarbons/refrigerants with lower boiling points than water, it is feasible to use ORC from a variety of sources. Examples include geothermal waste heat [1][2][3], biomass and biogas [4][5], and industrial or power plant flue gas.…”

An overview of renewable energy technologies for the simultaneous production of high-performance power and heat

“…The main components of a CHP plant are the main drive (motor or drive system), power generator, heat recovery system, and control system. Almost any type of fuel can be used in CHP, which will increase energy security, and alternative fuel can be used when one type of fuel becomes expensive or unavailable [7]. Naturally, natural gas is mostly used among fossil fuels, coal and gas oil, and after fossil fuels, among the renewable energies of municipal solid waste and biomass [8,9].…”