Critical Review for the Production of Antidiabetic Peptides by a Bibliometric Approach

Abstract

The current bibliometric review evaluated recent papers that researched dietary protein sources to generate antidiabetic bioactive peptides/hydrolysates for the management of diabetes. Scopus and PubMed databases were searched to extract bibliometric data and, after a systematic four-step process was performed to select the articles, 75 papers were included in this review. The countries of origin of the authors who published the most were China (67%); Ireland (59%); and Spain (37%). The journals that published most articles on the subject were Food Chemistry (n = 12); Food & Function (n = 8); and Food Research International (n = 6). The most used keywords were ‘bioactive peptides’ (occurrence 28) and ‘antidiabetic’ (occurrence 10). The most used enzymes were Alcalase® (17%), Trypsin (17%), Pepsin, and Flavourzyme® (15% each). It was found that different sources of protein have been used to generate dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides. In addition to antidiabetic properties, some articles (n = 30) carried out studies on multifunctional bioactive peptides, and the most cited were reported to have antioxidant and antihypertensive activities (n = 19 and 17, respectively). The present review intended to offer bibliometric data on the most recent research on the production of antidiabetic peptides from dietary proteins to those interested in their obtention to act as hypoglycemic functional ingredients. The studies available in this period, compiled, are not yet enough to point out the best strategies for the production of antidiabetic peptides from food proteins and a more systematic effort in this direction is necessary to allow a future scale-up for the production of these possible functional ingredients.

Glucoregulatory Properties of a Protein Hydrolysate from Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Preliminary Characterization and Evaluation of DPP-IV Inhibition and Direct Glucose Uptake In Vitro

“…Indeed, this aligns with results from Zhang et al, where the most potent inhibitors were seen for the peptide fractions lower than 3 kDa [49,50]. From the literature available over the last five years concerning purified DPP-IV inhibitory bioactive peptides, the majority were identified as di-, tri-, and oligopeptides, indicating peptides of smaller sizes [51]. Reportedly, inhibitors with smaller molecular weights exhibit superior performance as DPP-IV inhibitors compared to larger-sized peptides [52].…”

Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Peptides from Chickpea Proteins (Cicer arietinum L.): Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Interactions, and Multi-Bioactivities

“…Thirty-four (73.9%) peptides were stable for such hydrolysis. These results are in line with the fact that di-and tripeptides tend to resist gastrointestinal digestion [12]. Notably, 24 out of 34 peptides showed multi-bioactivity in addition to stability for in silico gastrointestinal digestion.…”

“…Enzymatic hydrolysis of dietary sources can produce DPP-IV inhibitory peptides [ 12 ]. In fact, antidiabetic peptides can be produced through alcalase or papain digestion [ 13 ].…”

“…However, tetrapeptides or larger peptides could be hydrolyzed by digestive proteases, potentially losing their bioactivity in an in vivo model [ 20 ]. Contrarily, dipeptides and tripeptides are generally more resistant to gastrointestinal digestion than larger peptides, allowing for their bioavailability [ 12 ]. Certainly, ingested peptides are exposed to a variety of gastric and pancreatic proteases, as well as brush border peptidases such as pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases, among others.…”

“…Twenty-eight (60.86%) peptides showed ACE-I inhibitory potential and 7 (15.21%) the potential to inhibit renin. DPP-IV inhibitory peptides and ACE-I inhibitory ones share similar characteristics, such as low molecular weight, and usually contain aromatic and/or hydrophobic amino acids [ 12 , 25 ]. This is of relevance since approximately 70% of individuals with diabetes also suffer from hypertension [ 40 ].…”