Critical review and trends in forensic investigations of crossing ink lines

Brito, Lívia Rodrigues e; Martins, Angélica Rocha; Braz, André; Chaves, Amanda Belém; Braga, Jez Willian Batista; Pimentel, Maria Fernanda

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.005

Cited by 26 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Earlier studies showed that three main methods employed to determine the sequence of intersecting strokes, microscopic, spectroscopic and chemical analysis [16]. The microscopic methods are non-destructive, cheap, rapid simple and used to investigate some ink properties at intersection point such as the color, absorption, luminescence and the gloss.…”

Section: Si Sharaa 1 Aa Aboul El-magd 2 Aa Bakr 1 Ym Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microscopic methods are still the first choice to solve the problem of intersecting strokes and widely applied until now although the examination with these methods can be misleading and highly dependent on human interpretation [1,17,18]. Accordingly, forensic document examiners need to stratify other analysis technique as Raman spectroscopy to combine with the microscopic method as a digital microscopic for correct discrimination of intersecting strokes [16,19]. Raman spectroscopy is becoming a tool of major importance in forensic document examination and beneficial in detection the sequence of intersecting strokes due toit›s easy, non-destructive and fast analysis [20].…”

Section: Si Sharaa 1 Aa Aboul El-magd 2 Aa Bakr 1 Ym Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, due to the impact of the gel ink color and the great alterations in its composition on determining the sequence of intersecting strokes, eleven different brands of a gel pen with different colors which commonly used in delay cases work as listed in Table 2 were applied in sample preparation [16].…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physical Application of Non-destructive Techniques in Detection the Sequence of Intersecting Gel Ink and Printed Laser Toner Strokes

et al. 2019

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D ETERMINATION the sequence of intersecting strokes is great evidence in the field of the authentication of documents. Two types of the intersection utilized in preparing the samples of gel ink and toner. The effect of the brands and models of a laser printer, the brands, and colors of gel pen, the nature of the paper surface and the time gap were studied. The samples were examined by two nondestructive techniques., the digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The ink properties observed under the digital microscope succeed in determining the sequence of intersection except in case of some colors of some pen brands. Raman spectroscopy combines with a digital microscope to analyze the samples which indistinguishable by the digital microscope. The combination of a digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy is an excellent forensic base to full discrimination the sequence of intersecting strokes regardless of the brands or colors of gel ink.

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Section: Si Sharaa 1 Aa Aboul El-magd 2 Aa Bakr 1 Ym Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Si Sharaa 1 Aa Aboul El-magd 2 Aa Bakr 1 Ym Momentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physical Application of Non-destructive Techniques in Detection the Sequence of Intersecting Gel Ink and Printed Laser Toner Strokes

et al. 2019

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“…Despite the usefulness of a technique for this purpose, most research has focused on identifying the components of pen inks or on intersections involving two pens. Due to printers not being commercially available till more recent years, work involving printed lines is less common 1 , but with the ever-growing use of digital technology, equally important to forensics. The most recognized techniques for looking at intersecting lines of any kind in forensic daily work are optical methods 2 3 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Deposition Order of Toners, Inkjet Inks, and Blue Ballpoint Pen Combining MeV-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Particle Induced X-ray Emission

et al. 2019

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Determination of the deposition order of different writing tools is very important for the forensic investigation of questioned documents. Here we present a novel application of two Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry using MeV ions (MeV-SIMS) and Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) to determine the deposition order of intersecting lines made of ballpoint pen ink, inkjet printer ink and laser printer toners. MeV-SIMS is an emerging mass spectrometry technique where incident heavy MeV ions are used to desorb secondary molecular ions from the uppermost layers of an organic sample. In contrast, PIXE provides information about sample elemental composition through characteristic X-ray spectra coming from greater depth. In the case of PIXE, the information depth depends on incident ion energy, sample matrix and self-absorption of X-rays on the way out from the sample to the X-ray detector. The measurements were carried out using heavy ion microprobe at the Ruđer Bošković Institute. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed for image processing of the data. We will demonstrate that MeV-SIMS alone was successful to determine the deposition order of all intersections not involving inkjet printer ink. The fact that PIXE yields information from deeper layers was crucial to resolve cases where inkjet printer ink was included due to its adherence and penetration properties. This is the first time the different information depths of PIXE and MeV-SIMS have been exploited for a practical application. The use of both techniques, MeV-SIMS and PIXE allowed the correct determination of deposition order for four out of six pairs of samples.

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“…The problem of determining the sequence of intersecting strokes always considered a great aim for forensic document examiners [1][2][3][4][5]. An investigation of the sequence of intersecting strokes is a sufficient method for detecting the authentication and validation of the documents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Distinguishable of Heterogeneous Overlapping Resulting from Stamp-pad and Laser Printing Inks

et al. 2019

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D ETECTING the arrangement of intersecting stamp-pad ink and the toner of laser printing strokes is an excellent method of examining the documents originality. In this study, different six brands of stamp-pad inks, toner of five laser printers of various brands and models, three types of paper surfaces, two kinds of seal materials and three methods of seal manufactures were utilized to produce the samples of heterogeneous intersecting strokes. A combination of the microscopic method as a digital microscope and analytical instrumental technique as Raman spectroscopy were performed to determine the arrangement of intersecting strokes. The digital microscope succeeds in the detection of the arrangement of intersecting strokes of some stamp-pad inks and fails in detection the others depending on their brands and colors through notation four physical properties at intersection point the specular reflection, the ink and toner glosses, gaps and spreading. The Raman spectroscopy determined the ink or toner stamped or printed later by comparison the spectra of pure ink, toner, and their intersections and succeeds in detection all samples through the spectral data such as peak location and peak intensity. The combination of a digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy which applied successfully discriminates the arrangement of intersecting strokes of toner and all brands of stamp-pad inks regardless of their brands and color.

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Critical review and trends in forensic investigations of crossing ink lines

Cited by 26 publications

References 50 publications

The physical Application of Non-destructive Techniques in Detection the Sequence of Intersecting Gel Ink and Printed Laser Toner Strokes

The physical Application of Non-destructive Techniques in Detection the Sequence of Intersecting Gel Ink and Printed Laser Toner Strokes

Determination of Deposition Order of Toners, Inkjet Inks, and Blue Ballpoint Pen Combining MeV-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Particle Induced X-ray Emission

Physical Distinguishable of Heterogeneous Overlapping Resulting from Stamp-pad and Laser Printing Inks

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