Critical retention behaviour of polymers a study on the influence of some practical parameters

Philipsen, H. J. A.; Klumperman, Bert; Herk, Alex M. van; German, Anton L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)01074-2

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The solvent strength effect described above is sometimes called the breakthrough effect in reference to a somewhat similar phenomenon observed in the chromatographic analysis of polymers [53]. Indeed, in some conditions, two separated peaks may be observed for a single narrow polymer standard, their relative amount depending on the difference in solvent strength between the sample solvent and of the mobile phase as well as on the sample volume [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a strong sample solvent on analyte dispersion in chromatographic columns

Mishra

Rana

Wit

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tIn chromatographic columns, when the eluting strength of the sample solvent is larger than that of the carrier liquid, a deformation of the analyte zone occurs because its frontal part moves at a relatively high velocity due to a low retention factor in the sample solvent while the rear part of the analyte zone is more retained in the carrier liquid and hence moves at a lower velocity. The influence of this solvent strength effect on the separation of analytes is studied here theoretically using a mass balance model describing the spatio-temporal evolution of the eluent, the sample solvent and the analyte. The viscosity of the sample solvent and carrier fluid is supposed to be the same (i.e. no viscous fingering effects are taken into account). A linear isotherm adsorption with a retention factor depending upon the local concentration of the liquid phase is considered. The governing equations are numerically solved by using a Fourier spectral method and parametric studies are performed to analyze the effect of various governing parameters on the dispersion and skewness of the analyte zone. The distortion of this zone is found to depend strongly on the difference in eluting strength between the mobile phase and the sample solvent as well as on the sample volume.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a strong sample solvent on analyte dispersion in chromatographic columns

Mishra

Rana

Wit

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…in the separation of polymers by non-exclusion liquid chromatographic techniques, The chromatographic behaviour of polymers can be divided into two different modes; exclusion and sorption [1,2], which includes both adsorption and partitioning. Under sorption conditions, retention depends on both chemical composition and molar mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of low-molar-mass polymers by gradient polymer elution chromatography I. Practical parameters and applications of the analysis of polyester resins under reversed phase conditions

Philipsen¹,

Klumperman

German

1996

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…Thus the knowledge of the CCD of copolymers is of crucial importance. Gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC; in some countries GPEC is a registered trademark of Waters [1][2][3]) is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that is capable of separating polymer molecules according to chemical composition. The separation mechanism of GPEC is 0021-9673/96/$15.00 © 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDI 0021-9673(95)01369-5 mainly based on the differences in solubility among copolymers with different chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In gradient HPLC, precipitation and adsorption can occur. Because HPPLC and LAC only describe part of the mechanism, a more general name for the technique was introduced: gradient polymer elution chromatography, which does not a priori infer a specific separation mechanism [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the chemical composition distribution of copolymers of styrene and butadiene by gradient polymer elution chromatography

Cools

Maesen

Klumperman

et al. 1996

Journal of Chromatography A

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In order to determine the chemical composition distribution (CCD) of styrene-butadiene copolymers, gradient polymer elution chromatography has been performed. The separation is mainly based on differences in solubility among the copolymer molecules with different chemical composition. The solubility of a copolymer is dependent on the following parameters: temperature, type of solvent/non-solvent mixture, molecular mass of the polymer and the chemical composition of the polymer. The resolution of the gradient polymer elution chromatographic separation and the molecular mass dependency are influenced by the solvent/non-solvent combination. In order to obtain a reliable separation according to chemical composition, the differences in solubility must be sufficiently high and the molecular mass dependence must be negligible. In order to separate styrene-butadiene copolymers, synthesized by emulsion polymerization, a tetrahydrofuranacetonitrile gradient was used. After calibration of the chromatographic system with styrene-butadiene copolymer standards, the CCD of styrene-butadiene copolymers could be calculated.

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Critical retention behaviour of polymers a study on the influence of some practical parameters

Cited by 78 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of a strong sample solvent on analyte dispersion in chromatographic columns

Influence of a strong sample solvent on analyte dispersion in chromatographic columns

Characterization of low-molar-mass polymers by gradient polymer elution chromatography I. Practical parameters and applications of the analysis of polyester resins under reversed phase conditions

Determination of the chemical composition distribution of copolymers of styrene and butadiene by gradient polymer elution chromatography

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