Critical Parameters for Evaluating Coin Cells and Pouch Cells of Rechargeable Li-Metal Batteries

Chen, Shuru; Niu, Chaojiang; Lee, Hongkyung; Li, Qiuyan; Lu, Yu; Xu, Wu; Zhang, Ji‐Guang; Dufek, Eric J.; Whittingham, M. Stanley; Meng, Shirley; Xiao, Jie; Li, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.004

Cited by 408 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Despites these progresses, more efforts are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms between the hierarchical electrode architectures and the final performance. Moreover, most of the current low‐tortuosity electrodes are achievable with a sacrifice in electrode porosity (generally over 30%), which diminishes the gained energy of thick electrode by the additional electrolyte uptake . Advanced industrial techniques that can accomplish both low‐tortuosity and spatial topology control while still maintaining a relatively low overall porosity will significantly benefit the practical application of thick electrodes.…”

Section: Electrode Design and Processing: Tortuositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick Electrode Batteries: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges

Kuang

Chen

Kirsch

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

492

413

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Recent reviews on LBs have provided a good overview of the developments of high energy density LBs based on diverse battery chemistries. [3][4][5][6] It is believed that the energy density of current LBs can be improved up to 300-350 Wh kg −1 in a short time by using high-nickel (Ni) content cathodes, silicon (Si) dominant anodes, and higher voltage electrolytes, but further progress is needed to achieve an acceptable lifetime for practical application. [7] In regards to long term goals, continued research and development (R&D) of next-generation LBs is necessary to meet the Battery500 Project target of a cell-level specific energy of 500 Wh kg −1 , [8] which necessitates a combination of both innovative battery chemistries (such as lithium (Li)-sulfur (S), Li-O 2 , Li-CO 2 , and so on), and cell configurations (improved active material ratio and cell integration). [9] However, the majority of current research efforts are dedicated to the R&D of battery materials while battery configurational design is relatively overlooked. Interestingly, with the progress in the development of water-in-salt electrolyte and the corresponding battery chemistry, aqueous LIBs are also possible to meet the Battery 500 Project target. A representative work is the aqueous LIBs that has been recently reported by Yang et al. which achieves a stable operation potential of 4.2 V and energy density of 460 Wh kg −1 . [10] It is great progress but worthy noting that the energy density calculation is based on the mass of anode and cathode. When the mass of the electrolyte is included, the full-cell energy density is dropped to 304 Wh kg −1 , revealing the important role of battery configurational design.Structural engineering provides a feasible and universal way to further improve the energy density of LBs without changing the fundamental battery chemistries. Since the battery's energy only comes from the electrically active materials in the electrodes, the core principle for the novel structural design of batteries is to minimize the ratio of inactive components while maintaining or improving battery performance per mass or volume of active material. Common strategies include the optimization of battery packaging with thinner, more robust materials, the reduction of electrode porosity with a higher packing density and increased electrolyte uptake, and the utilization of thick electrodes. The first is relatively hard to improve in a short time and would require a breakthrough in battery packaging materials with carefully evaluated cost and safety parameters. As for the reduction of electrolyte, it is also difficult toThe ever-growing portable electronics and electric vehicle markets heavily influence the technological revolution of lithium batteries (LBs) toward higher energy densities for longer standby times or driving range. Thick electrode designs can substantially improve the electrode active material loading by minimizing the inactive component ratio at the device level, providing a great platform for enhancing the overall energy densi...

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Section: Electrode Design and Processing: Tortuositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick Electrode Batteries: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges

Kuang

Chen

Kirsch

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

492

413

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“…[1,2] One of the most promising practical Li metal battery systems is to couple Li metal anode with high-voltage and high-specific-capacity nickel (Ni)-rich LiNi x Co y Mn 1ÀxÀy O 2 (NCM) cathode. [3,4] Forp ractical Li metal batteries with as pecific energy of more than 300 Wh kg À1 at cell level with Ni-rich NCM cathode,p ractical conditions including ultrathin Li anode (< 50 mm), high loading cathode (> 4mAh cm À2 ,i .e., high cycling capacity of Li per cycle), and lean electrolytes (< 3gAh À1 )a re necessary. [5,6] However, mild conditions, including thick Li anode (> 200 mm), low loading cathode (< 1mAh cm À2 ), and flooded electrolytes (> 30 gAh À1 ), are currently employed, which contributes to fundamental understanding and the pioneer design of SEI on Li metal anode (Figure 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions

et al. 2020

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High‐energy‐density Li metal batteries suffer from a short lifespan under practical conditions, such as limited lithium, high loading cathode, and lean electrolytes, owing to the absence of appropriate solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a sustainable SEI was designed rationally by combining fluorinated co‐solvents with sustained‐release additives for practical challenges. The intrinsic uniformity of SEI and the constant supplements of building blocks of SEI jointly afford to sustainable SEI. Specific spatial distributions and abundant heterogeneous grain boundaries of LiF, LiNxOy, and Li2O effectively regulate uniformity of Li deposition. In a Li metal battery with an ultrathin Li anode (33 μm), a high‐loading LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode (4.4 mAh cm−2), and lean electrolytes (6.1 g Ah−1), 83 % of initial capacity retains after 150 cycles. A pouch cell (3.5 Ah) demonstrated a specific energy of 340 Wh kg−1 for 60 cycles with lean electrolytes (2.3 g Ah−1).

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“…CE of 99.96% is required for cycling stability up to 500 cycles for commercialization. 1 Recently in Joule, Chen et al 2 describe a set of coin cell parameters and testing conditions systems based on 300 Wh/kg pouch cell level requirements. It is helpful to expedite the discovery of new materials and their full integration into a realistic battery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Evaluation of Li-Ion Batteries

2019

Joule

323

190

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Rechargeable batteries are key technology for developing many emerging applications. Thousands of academic papers have been published on this topic. It is quite often that the conclusions and claims are overstated, partially due to significant deviation of lab testing conditions from practical battery design. This paper points out common problems that could mislead the evaluation of the new materials and new devices.Rechargeable batteries are a key technology for developing many emerging applications and have attracted wide attention. In 2018, 11,583 academic papers were published with the keywords ''lithium'' and ''batteries'' based on a search of the Web of Science core collection. It is quite often that the conclusions and claims in papers are overstated, due in part to unknown performances of current industry products, significant deviation of lab testing conditions from practical battery design, and boasting.

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Critical Parameters for Evaluating Coin Cells and Pouch Cells of Rechargeable Li-Metal Batteries

Cited by 408 publications

References 30 publications

Thick Electrode Batteries: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges

Thick Electrode Batteries: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges

A Sustainable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries Under Practical Conditions

Practical Evaluation of Li-Ion Batteries

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