Critical Overview and Challenge of Representative LNG-Fuelled Ships on Potential GHG Emission Reduction

Abstract

International cargo transportation is largely dominated by shipping, and it is a crucial aspect. To minimize the negative impact on the environment, ships are expected to abide by strict regulations concerning greenhouse gas emissions. Many shipping companies are turning to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a primary alternative fuel to reduce these emissions. This is because LNG has been found to have cleaner emissions than traditional fossil fuels. There have been several studies conducted to explore ways to implement LNG as a ship fuel effectively, but there is a lack of research on the specific reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from using LNG. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of LNG-powered ship development, including current applications, initiatives by the International Maritime Organization, existing challenges, and potential measures for reducing GHG emissions. According to measurements compared to conventional ship fuel, NOx, SOx, and PM10 emission factors have a high potential for GHG emission reduction. The global fleet of LNG-powered vessels is expected to expand in the future. The LNG-fuelled ship mainly operates in the emission control area. The essential concerns for future research should be involved regarding the environmental issue of significant methane slip, geopolitical impact, and risk of LNG bunkering.