Critical Metal Mineralogy: Preface to the special issue of Mineralogical Magazine

Goodenough, Kathryn; Wall, Frances

doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.000

Mineral. mag.

2016

DOI: 10.1180/minmag.2016.080.000

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Critical Metal Mineralogy: Preface to the special issue of Mineralogical Magazine

Kathryn Goodenough

Frances Wall

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…However, these contributions highlight the complexity of the ore forming minerals, with implications for processing, a key challenge in diversifying our range of mineable deposits. This thematic set is now the third compiled on Critical Metals in Mineralogical Magazine (see also Goodenough and Wall, 2016 and Bowles et al , 2018). Perhaps this is the start of a biennial Mineralogical Magazine tradition on such a subject?…”

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Critical metal mineralogy and ore genesis revisited: thematic set arising from the Third International Critical Metals Meeting, Edinburgh

Deady

Broom-Fendley

2020

MinMag

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Critical metal mineralogy and ore genesis revisited: thematic set arising from the Third International Critical Metals Meeting, Edinburgh

Deady

Broom-Fendley

2020

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The Rare Earth Elements: Demand, Global Resources, and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations

Goodenough

Wall

Merriman³

2017

Nat Resour Res

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The rare earth elements (REE) have attracted much attention in recent years, being viewed as critical metals because of China's domination of their supply chain. This is despite the fact that REE enrichments are known to exist in a wide range of settings, and have been the subject of much recent exploration. Although the REE are often referred to as a single group, in practice each individual element has a specific set of end-uses, and so demand varies between them. Future demand growth to 2026 is likely to be mainly linked to use of NdFeB magnets, particularly in hybrid and electric vehicles and wind turbines, and also in erbiumdoped glass fibre for communications. Supply of lanthanum and cerium is forecast to exceed demand. There are several different types of natural (primary) REE resources, including those formed by high-temperature geological processes (carbonatites, alkaline rocks, vein and skarn deposits) and those formed by low-temperature processes (placers, laterites, bauxites and ion-adsorption clays). In this paper, we consider the balance of the individual REE in each deposit type and how that matches demand, and look at some of the issues associated with developing these deposits. This assessment and overview indicate that whilst each type of REE deposit has different advantages and disadvantages, light rare earth-enriched ion adsorption types appear to have the best match to future REE needs. Production of REE as by-products from, for example, bauxite or phosphate, is potentially the most rapid way to produce additional REE. There are still significant technical and economic challenges to be overcome to create substantial REE supply chains outside China.

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Bytízite, a new Cu-Sb selenide from Příbram, Czech Republic

2018

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The new mineral bytízite was found in the dump of shaft No. 16, one of the mines in the Příbram uranium and base-metal district, central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Bytízite is associated with chaméanite, příbramite, giraudite, berzelianite, umangite, eskebornite, hakite, tetrahedrite, bukovite, crookesite and uraninite in a calcite-dominant gangue. The new mineral occurs as anhedral grains up to 40 µm, growing together in aggregates up to 300 µm across. Bytízite is steel-grey in colour and has a metallic lustre. Mohs hardness is ca. 2–3; the calculated density is 6.324 g cm–3. In reflected light bytízite is grey with a yellowish hue, yellowish and brownish. Bireflectance and pleochroism are weak. Anisotropy is strong with grey to brownish rotation tints. Internal reflections were not observed. The empirical formula, based on electron-microprobe analyses, is (Cu3.00Fe0.01Ag0.01)3.02(Sb0.97As0.06)1.03Se2.94. The ideal formula is Cu3SbSe3, which requires Cu 34.71, Sb 22.16 and Se 43.13, total 100.00 wt.%. Bytízite is orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 7.9594(12), b = 10.5830(14), c = 6.8240(11) Å, with V = 574.82(15) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the calculated powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I)(hkl)] are: 3.73(37)(210), 3.27(62)(211), 2.867(40)(022), 2.698(100)(122) and 2.646(37)(040). According to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (Robs = 0.0437), bytízite is isostructural with synthetic Cu3SbSe3. The structure of bytízite contains two Cu, one Sb, and two Se sites (the latter is occupied both by Se and S atoms). In the structure of both synthetic Cu3SbSe3 and bytízite, there are groups of three cis-edge-sharing tetrahedra [Cu3Se8], which are interlinked to a 3D framework by SbSe3 groups. Bytízite is named after its type locality, the Bytíz deposit, near the village Bytíz.

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Critical Metal Mineralogy: Preface to the special issue of Mineralogical Magazine

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Critical metal mineralogy and ore genesis revisited: thematic set arising from the Third International Critical Metals Meeting, Edinburgh

Critical metal mineralogy and ore genesis revisited: thematic set arising from the Third International Critical Metals Meeting, Edinburgh

The Rare Earth Elements: Demand, Global Resources, and Challenges for Resourcing Future Generations

Bytízite, a new Cu-Sb selenide from Příbram, Czech Republic

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