Critical Issues in Nanofluids Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Conductivity

Wu, Daxiong; Zhu, Haitao; Wang, Liqiu; Liu, Lumei

doi:10.2174/157341309787314548

Cited by 147 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Their results showed that ZnO particles were homogeneously distributed, with or without TBHQ, in the sample and that the ZnZrO nanofluid had noticeable particle agglomerations. In addition to the TEM and SEM devices used to characterise the nanofluids stability, cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) can also analyse the stability of nanofluids, if the microstructure of the nanofluid is unchangeable throughout the examination process [146].…”

Section: Electron Microscopy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Nanofluids: Fabrication, Stability, and Thermophysical Properties

Ali

Teixeira

Addali

2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

288

178

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Nanofluids have been receiving great attention in recent years due to their potential usage, not only as an enhanced thermophysical heat transfer fluid but also because of their great importance in applications such as drug delivery and oil recovery. Nevertheless, there are some challenges that need to be solved before nanofluids can become commercially acceptable. The main challenges of nanofluids are their stability and operational performance. Nanofluids stability is significantly important in order to maintain their thermophysical properties after fabrication for a long period of time. Therefore, enhancing nanofluids stability and understanding nanofluid behaviour are part of the chain needed to commercialise such type of advanced fluids. In this context, the aim of this article is to summarise the current progress on the study of nanofluids, such as the fabrication procedures, stability evaluation mechanism, stability enhancement procedures, nanofluids thermophysical properties, and current commercialisation challenges. Finally, the article identifies some possible opportunities for future research that can bridge the gap between in-lab research and commercialisation of nanofluids.

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Section: Electron Microscopy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Nanofluids: Fabrication, Stability, and Thermophysical Properties

Ali

Teixeira

Addali

2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

288

178

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“…Iyahraja and Rajadurai (2016) also obtained similar results, with smaller particle size leading to more stable nanofluids. It must be taken into account that smaller particles have a higher surface area and increase the probability of aggregation (Wu et al, 2009). Figure 6 Effect of the ZnCl2:NaOH ratio during ZnO synthesis on nanofluid stability over time…”

Section: Nanofluid Stability Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Zno Nanoparticles and their Nanofluid Stability in the Presence of a Palm Oil-Based Primary Alkyl Sulphate Surfactant for Detergent Application

Adiwibowo

Ibadurrohman

Slamet³

2018

IJTech

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ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a solochemical method using zinc chloride as the precursor in a sodium hydroxide solution with ZnCl2:NaOH ratios of 1:2 and 1:3. The effects of the thermal treatment on the functionalities of the nanoparticles were investigated by comparing calcined ZnO with uncalcined ZnO. Calcined ZnO underwent a drying process at 120°C, followed by calcination at 500°C, while uncalcined ZnO underwent the drying process only. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and FESEM-EDX analysis. The photoactivity of synthesized ZnO was evaluated through methylene blue degradation. In addition, ZnO nanofluids were synthesized by dispersing nanoparticles into the base fluid. The nanofluidic stability in the presence of a Palm Oil-Based Primary Alkyl Sulphate (palmPAS) surfactant were investigated using a spectrophotometer UV-vis with varied PalmPAS concentrations. XRD and FESEM analysis showed that the nanoparticles exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and confirmed that the particle size increased on calcination. All the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited good photoactivity under UV light irradiation due, to some extent, to their good crystallinity. The calcined ZnO from the ZnCl2:NaOH ratio of 1:3 offered the best photocatalytic performance compared to its ZnO counterparts. It was also found that the nanofluids of uncalcined ZnO from the ZnCl2:NaOH ratio of 1:3, at a ZnO:palmPAS ratio of 1:9, offered the best stability.

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“…[1][2][3][4]. Since the concept of nanofluid was introduced by Choi [1], nanofluids have gained significant attention due to their enhanced thermal properties and behaviors associated with heat transfer, mass transfer, wetting and spreading [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, viscosity and thermal conductivity of CaCO3 aqueous nanofluids

Zhu

et al. 2010

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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CaCO 3 aqueous nanofluids were prepared by dispensing aqueous CaCO 3 paste into distilled water under ultrasonic vibration. The actual microstructures of the CaCO 3 nanofluids with different particle volume fractions were characterized by freeze etching replication transmission electron microscopy (FERTEM). Thermal conductivity and rheological behavior of the nanofluids were measured by standard analyzers. The results show that CaCO 3 paste as raw material for nanofluids is advantageous to reducing aggregation of primary nanoparticles. The effective viscosities and effective thermal conductivities of the CaCO 3 nanofluids are related to the aggregates of nanoparticles and can be well predicted by the modified Krieger & Dougherty formula and the modified Hamilton & Crosser model, respectively. CaCO 3 , nanofluid, thermal conductivity, viscosity, microstructure Citation: Zhu H T, Li C J, Wu D X, et al. Preparation, characterization, viscosity and thermal conductivity of CaCO 3 aqueous nanofluids.

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Critical Issues in Nanofluids Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Conductivity

Cited by 147 publications

References 61 publications

A Review on Nanofluids: Fabrication, Stability, and Thermophysical Properties

A Review on Nanofluids: Fabrication, Stability, and Thermophysical Properties

Synthesis of Zno Nanoparticles and their Nanofluid Stability in the Presence of a Palm Oil-Based Primary Alkyl Sulphate Surfactant for Detergent Application

Preparation, characterization, viscosity and thermal conductivity of CaCO3 aqueous nanofluids

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