Critical Issues in Cultural Neuropsychology: Profit from Diversity

Manly, Jennifer J.

doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9068-8

Cited by 100 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…First, a cognition endpoint may be systematically biased in patients with diverse language and cultural backgrounds. 89 Second, interpreting neuropsychological performance as a measure of cognitive ability rests on the assumption that the examinee put forth good effort. We know that this assumption is sometimes violated, especially in TBI-related disability claim contexts but in other settings as well.…”

Section: Limitations Of Cognition Endpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Cognition Endpoint for Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Trials

Silverberg

Crane

Dams-O’Connor

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Cognitive impairment is a core clinical feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI). After TBI, cognition is a key determinant of post-injury productivity, outcome, and quality of life. As a final common pathway of diverse molecular and microstructural TBI mechanisms, cognition is an ideal endpoint in clinical trials involving many candidate drugs and nonpharmacological interventions. Cognition can be reliably measured with performance-based neuropsychological tests that have greater granularity than crude rating scales, such as the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, which remain the standard for clinical trials. Remarkably, however, there is no well-defined, widely accepted, and validated cognition endpoint for TBI clinical trials. A single cognition endpoint that has excellent measurement precision across a wide functional range and is sensitive to the detection of small improvements (and declines) in cognitive functioning would enhance the power and precision of TBI clinical trials and accelerate drug development research. We outline methodologies for deriving a cognition composite score and a research program for validation. Finally, we discuss regulatory issues and the limitations of a cognition endpoint.

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Section: Limitations Of Cognition Endpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Cognition Endpoint for Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Trials

Silverberg

Crane

Dams-O’Connor

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…Yet, caution is required in generalizing these findings because the majority of studies examined in the current analysis either omitted reporting race or stated only the proportion of Caucasians in the sample. Because many neuropsychological measures do not have acceptable diagnostic accuracy when used among people who are not Caucasian, well-educated, native English-speaking, and middle to upper class, 41 our understanding of the complex relationship between race and cognitive test performance in schizophrenia would benefit from inclusion of more diverse samples representative of our growing cultural diversity.…”

Section: Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Performance in Older Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies

Irani¹,

Kalkstein²,

Moberg³

et al. 2010

Schizophrenia Bulletin

113

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Objective: Cognitive deficits are among the most reliable predictors of functional impairment in schizophrenia and a particular concern for older individuals with schizophrenia. Previous reviews have focused on the nature and course of cognitive impairments in younger cohorts, but a quantitative meta-analysis in older patients is pending. Method: A previously used search strategy identified studies assessing performance on tests of global cognition and specific neuropsychological domains in older patients with schizophrenia and age-matched comparison groups. Both crosssectional and longitudinal studies were included. Potential methodological, demographic, and clinical moderators were analyzed. Results: Twenty-nine cross-sectional (2110 patients, 1738 comparison subjects) and 14 longitudinal (954 patients) studies met inclusion criteria. Patients were approximately 65 years old, with 11 years of education, 53% male and 79% Caucasian. Longitudinal analysis (range 1-6 years) revealed homogeneity with small effect sizes (d 5 20.097) being observed. Cross-sectional analyses revealed large and heterogeneous deficits in global cognition (d 5 21.19) and on specific neuropsychological tests (d 5 20.7 to 21.14). Moderator analysis revealed a significant role for demographic (age, sex, education, race) and clinical factors (diagnosis, inpatient status, age of onset, duration of illness, positive and negative symptomology). Medication status (medicated vs nonmedicated) and chlorpromazine equivalents were inconsequential, albeit underrepresented. Conclusions: Large and generalized cognitive deficits in older individuals with schizophrenia represent a robust finding paralleling impairments across the life span, but these deficits do not decline over a 1-6 year period. The importance of considering demographic and clinical moderators in cross-sectional analyses is highlighted.

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“…As the field of clinical neuropsychological continues to evolve, a number of assumptions related to cognitive neuropsychology, experimental psychology, psycholinguistics, and psychometric properties is becoming explicitly examined (Fonseca, Parente, Côté, & Joanette, 2007;Hsieh & Tori, 2007;Manly, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cultural study on decision making: Performance differences on the Iowa Gambling Task between selected groups of Brazilians and Americans.

Bakos¹,

Denburg²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2010

Psychology & Neuroscience

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This study compared the performance of selected groups of Brazilian and American individuals on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The sample was composed of 70 Brazilian and American individuals of both genders, divided into two groups of young and older adults. The two groups of Brazilians were composed of 10 young adults, aged 25 to 41 years, and 25 older adults, aged 60 to 75 years. The two groups of Americans were composed of 10 young adults, aged 28 to 39 years, and 25 older adults, aged 60 to 76 years. A two-way analysis of variance revealed differences in performance between Brazilian and American participants, regardless of age group (country, p = .001; age group, p = .134; country vs. age group, p = .291). Analyses of variance using age group and country as main factors did not reveal any difference between the two national groups with regard to the learning achieved during the task (block, p < .001; age group, p = .063; country, p = .086). The results suggest that culture, represented by the country of origin, influences the performance of individuals on the IGT, demonstrating the importance of validating an instrument for each cultural group on which it is used.

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Critical Issues in Cultural Neuropsychology: Profit from Diversity

Cited by 100 publications

References 58 publications

Developing a Cognition Endpoint for Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Trials

Developing a Cognition Endpoint for Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Trials

Neuropsychological Performance in Older Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies

A cultural study on decision making: Performance differences on the Iowa Gambling Task between selected groups of Brazilians and Americans.

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