Critical Geographies of Human Rights and the Spatial Dimensions of International Law Violations in Rakhine State, Myanmar

The ebb and flow of the Seaflower marine biosphere reserve: Law entanglements and socio‐environmental justice in the southwestern Caribbean Sea

“…Thus, 'spatialities of injustices' (Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, 2015;Soja, 2010) develop from the power imbalance of law in undermining people's rights and dissenting voices. Consequently, a number of authors have further examined processes of dispossession and the uneven distribution of benefits and biodiversity loss driven by the ocean governance regimes (Bavinck et al, 2017(Bavinck et al, , 2018Braverman et al, 2014;Carmalt, 2019;Cohen et al, 2019;Correia, 2018;Delaney, 2016;Ganseforth, 2021;Gupta & Bavinck, 2014).…”

Filtered violence: Human rights law, forced displacement and land politics in Colombia

“…As Carmalt notes, there is a certain tendency within geographic scholarship to use "human rights" as a generic stand-in term for "social justice" without engaging with the fact that human rights are indeed "made up of myriad legal standards which have proliferated in the decades since the Second World War" (2018: 848; see also Selya, 2012). She thus proposes a critical geography of human rights that recognizes the spatial dimensions of the "constitutive relationship between law, justice, geography and society" (Carmalt, 2019(Carmalt, : 1830. This critical geographic approach to human rights pivots on legal geography's proposition that law is both constituted by and constitutive of space.…”

“…Critical geographies of human rights elucidate this spatio-legal interplay between human rights law/institutions and situated geographies of systematic violence. Geographic scholarship on this topic analyzes a number of facets concerning human rights law, including: the spatial construction of jurisdictions through which atrocities might be legally prosecuted as "human rights violations" (Oglesby and Nelson, 2009;Ross, 2016); the territorial and legal liminality to which indigenous peoples are subject when states contest their responsibilities under international human rights law to provide reparations in light of (neo)colonial dispossession (Correia, 2018); how states regulate space to manipulate the form and content of human rights law to obscure responsibility for violence in the context of asylum and forced migration (Mountz, 2020;Sciurba and Furri, 2018); and how competing histories of violence and migration inform juridical claims to territory and associated legal charges of human rights violations (Carmalt, 2019).…”

“…How does human rights law arbitrate the spatial dimensions of violence? I approach this question through a "critical geographies of human rights" framework to address how human rights legal projects contour, and are contoured by, spatial valences of systematic violence (Carmalt, 2018(Carmalt, , 2019Lalibert e, 2015). I examine juridical responses to forced displacement in Colombia and situate my analysis of the spatio-legal character of human rights with respect to ongoing debates about the relationship between human rights and material inequality.…”

Legal complexity and state obligations to the right to food: Towards an analytical shift of progressive realisation

“…Population in a lower status with less political and economic rights are negotiated different sources of laws (adat laws, customary laws) in various manners. Similarly, scholars also use spatial analysis to study how society, geography, and justice interact in the case of Rakhine, Myanmar and argue that there are spatial implications to the mobilization of human rights rhetoric and law that affect the relationships that produce injustice (Carmalt 2019(Carmalt : 1830 Of importance here is to look at the interactions and influences of law in a grounded space. The spatial character of law contributes to the internal relationship between people affected by the law and their responses to it are depending on the space they belong to geographically, economically, socially, politically and/or culturally.…”