Critical Fusion Frequency in Rhesus Monkeys

Shumake, Stephen A.; Smith, James C.; Taylor, Henry L.

doi:10.1007/bf03393804

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Trendelenburg & Schmidt (1930), De Valois (1965 and De Valois & Jacobs (1968) have shown that the colour vision of macaques resembles that of normal human trichromats. Schumake, Smith & Taylor (1968) extended the earlier findings of Brecher (1935) to show that the function relating flicker fusion frequency to luminance has, for rhesus as for man, distinct photopic and scotopic branches. By comparison, only fragmentary data have been available regarding the ability of macaques to discriminate fine detail, since measurements of visual acuity have been taken only at rather high levels of illumination.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Relationships between luminance and visual acuity in the rhesus monkey

Cavonius¹,

Robbins²

1973

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The ability of rhesus monkeys to detect the gap in Landolt ring testobjects that were presented against background luminances between 5 x 10-5 cd/M2 and 5 x 103 cd/M2 was compared with similar human data.2. At high luminance-levels the acuity of human observers is slightly better than that of rhesus, but rhesus have better acuity at scotopic luminance-levels. Both species have distinct photopic and scotopic acuity functions that cross at 6 x 103 cd/M2.3. The threshold for light detection is estimated to be the same for both species when specified in quanta incident on the retina.4. It is concluded that the receptor and neural mechanisms that mediate visual-acuity function similarly in rhesus and man, and that the differences in acuity that were measured in the two species may be attributed to optical rather than to physiological factors.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Relationships between luminance and visual acuity in the rhesus monkey

Cavonius¹,

Robbins²

1973

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The rats’ failure to learn is perhaps surprising given that all species are capable of detecting flicker stimuli at 15 Hz (Shumake et al, 1968; Schechter and Winter, 1969, 1971; Williams et al, 1985; Callahan and Petry, 2000) consistent with their initial above chance performance in the high-contrast condition. Our data indeed support the idea that all animals were initially reliant to some degree on contrast cues, as all at some point showed a significant drop in performance on transfer from the higher contrast conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Divergent Solutions to Visual Problem Solving across Mammalian Species

Mustafar

Harvey

Khani

et al. 2018

eNeuro

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Our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and behavior relies on the use of invasive techniques, which necessitate the use of animal models. However, when different species learn the same task, to what degree are they actually producing the same behavior and engaging homologous neural circuitry? This question has received virtually no recent attention, even as the most powerful new methodologies for measuring and perturbing the nervous system have become increasingly dependent on the use of murine species. Here, we test humans, rats, monkeys, and an evolutionarily intermediate species, tree shrews, on a three alternative, forced choice, visual contrast discrimination task. As anticipated, learning rate, peak performance, and transfer across contrasts was lower in the rat compared to the other species. More interestingly, rats exhibited two major behavioral peculiarities: while monkeys and tree shrews based their choices largely on visual information, rats tended to base their choices on past reward history. Furthermore, as the task became more difficult, rats largely disengaged from the visual stimulus, reverting to innate spatial predispositions in order to collect rewards near chance probability. Our findings highlight the limitation of muridae as models for translational research, at least in the area of visually based decision making.

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“…(2006); (12) Loop & Berkeley (1975); (13) Lisney et al. (2011); (14) Meneghini & Hamasaki (1967); (15) Brundrett (1974); (16) Shumake et al. (1968); (17) Ginsburg & Nilsson (1971); (18) Gruber (1969); (19) Carvalho et al.…”

Section: Figureunclassified

Metabolic rate and body size are linked with perception of temporal information

et al. 2013

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Body size and metabolic rate both fundamentally constrain how species interact with their environment, and hence ultimately affect their niche. While many mechanisms leading to these constraints have been explored, their effects on the resolution at which temporal information is perceived have been largely overlooked. The visual system acts as a gateway to the dynamic environment and the relative resolution at which organisms are able to acquire and process visual information is likely to restrict their ability to interact with events around them. As both smaller size and higher metabolic rates should facilitate rapid behavioural responses, we hypothesized that these traits would favour perception of temporal change over finer timescales. Using critical flicker fusion frequency, the lowest frequency of flashing at which a flickering light source is perceived as constant, as a measure of the maximum rate of temporal information processing in the visual system, we carried out a phylogenetic comparative analysis of a wide range of vertebrates that supported this hypothesis. Our results have implications for the evolution of signalling systems and predator–prey interactions, and, combined with the strong influence that both body mass and metabolism have on a species' ecological niche, suggest that time perception may constitute an important and overlooked dimension of niche differentiation.

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Critical Fusion Frequency in Rhesus Monkeys

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Relationships between luminance and visual acuity in the rhesus monkey

Relationships between luminance and visual acuity in the rhesus monkey

Divergent Solutions to Visual Problem Solving across Mammalian Species

Metabolic rate and body size are linked with perception of temporal information

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