Critical Flicker Fusion Predicts Executive Function in Younger and Older Adults

Mewborn, Catherine M; Renzi, Lisa M.; Hammond, Billy R.; Miller, L. Stephen

doi:10.1093/arclin/acv054

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One study demonstrated that CFFF was a unique predictor of executive function across different age groups (means 21.7 vs. 72.4 years) and accounted for unique variance in performance above and beyond age and global cognitive status. 23 Nonetheless, even if there were a direct relationship between cortical arousal as measured by CFFF and cognitive performance, there is ample evidence of the nonlinear (inverted U-shape) relationship between arousal and cognitive performance (Yerkes-Dodson Law 24 ), predicting declining performance at higher than optimal arousal levels, particularly in more complex cognitive tasks. 25 However, this should not be seen as a limitation in the case of scuba diving as arousal and cognitive performance deteriorate progressively during exposure to pressure rather than improving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of diving-related cognitive impairment of different nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using critical flicker fusion frequency

Lafère¹,

Hemelryck

Germonpré³

et al. 2019

Diving Hyperb Med

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Introduction: Cognitive impairment related to inert gas narcosis (IGN) is a threat to diving safety and operations at depth that might be reduced by using enriched air nitrox (EANx) mixtures. Using critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF), a possible early detection of cognitive abilities/cerebral arousal impairment when breathing different oxygen (O 2) fractions was investigated. Methods: Eight male volunteers performed, in random order, two dry chamber dives breathing either air or EANx40 (40% O 2 −60% nitrogen) for 20 minutes (min) at 0.4 MPa. Cognition and arousal were assessed before the dive; upon arrival at 0.4 MPa; after 15 min exposure at 0.4 MPa; on surfacing and 30 min post-dive using behavioural computer-based testing psychology experiment building language (PEBL) and by CFFF while continuously recording brain oxygenation with near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: In both breathing conditions, CFFF and PEBL demonstrated a significant inverse correlation (Pearson r of-0.90, P < 0.0001), improved cognitive abilities/cerebral arousal occurred upon arrival at 0.4 MPa followed by a progressive deterioration. Initial brain activation was associated with a significant increase in oxyhaemoglobin (HbO 2) and a simultaneous decrease of deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb). The magnitude of the changes was significantly greater under EANx (P = 0.038). Conclusions: Since changes were not related to haemodynamic variables, HbO 2 and HHb values indicate a significant, O 2-dependent activation in the prefrontal cortex. Owing to the correlation with some tests from the PEBL, CFFF could be a convenient measure of cognitive performance/ability in extreme environments, likely under the direct influence of oxygen partial pressure, a potent modulator of IGN symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of diving-related cognitive impairment of different nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using critical flicker fusion frequency

Lafère¹,

Hemelryck

Germonpré³

et al. 2019

Diving Hyperb Med

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“…Past studies in our laboratory have shown that the macular carotenoids are related to higher processing speed and that supplementing L+Z could improve visual processing speed measured using square‐and sine‐wave modulated visual stimuli . Such stimuli are thought to reflect post‐receptoral processing, likely at the level of the visual cortex . Since L is found in visual cortex and is known to influence other activities linked to visual processing, then a relation to visual evoked EEG is feasible (as was found in a small [ n = 3] pilot study by Robson and Parry, using SVEP to measure MP density).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17,35] Such stimuli are thought to reflect post-receptoral processing, likely at the level of the visual cortex. [36,37] Since L is found in visual cortex [12] and is known to influence other activities linked to visual processing, then a relation to visual evoked EEG is feasible (as was found in a small [n = 3] pilot study by Robson and Parry, [38] using SVEP to measure MP density).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin Change Brain Activation in Older Adult Participants: A Randomized, Double‐Masked, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Ceravolo

Hammond

Oliver

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) can be used to test the topological response of cortical neurons. Studies have shown that a lutein (L) preferentially accumulates within cortical tissue. L, zeaxanthin (Z), and their isomers can be measured directly in retina (macular pigment optical density, MPOD), and retinal L+Z correlate highly with L+Z levels in cortical visual processing areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between MPOD and SSVEP signal power, cross‐sectionally and after supplementation with L+Z. Methods and Results SSVEP to three different driving frequencies of stimulation (5, 10, and 16.6 Hz) were obtained for community‐dwelling older adults, at baseline and after 12 months of supplementation with either 12 mg L+Z or placebo. Power was quantified at the driving frequencies. Non‐specific activation was quantified within the 10–15 Hz band. MPOD was measured psychophysically. Subjects with low MPOD had reduced power at 16.6 Hz and reduced non‐specific activation, compared with subjects with high MPOD. Supplementation significantly improved signal power at 5 and 10 Hz. Conclusion Past research suggests that L+Z can improve visual memory, visual processing speeds, etc. One possible mechanism for that improvement may be improving signal‐to‐noise ratio throughout the vision system.

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“…Ademais, variáveis do sujeito também alteram a CFF, como o avanço da idade (Mewborn, Renzi, Hammond & Miller, 2015), utilização de drogas psicotrópicas (Smith & Misiak, 1976), jejum (Ali & Amir, 1989) e fadiga (Murata, Araki, Kawakami, Saito & Hino, 1991).…”

Section: Resolução Temporal Da Visão E Percepção De Cintilaçãounclassified

“…Por exemplo, há estudos que correlacionam a CFF com: funções executivas de pessoas saudáveis de várias idades (Mewborn et al, 2015); declínio cognitivo devido a doenças neurodegenerativas, como o Alzheimer (Curran & Wattis, 2000); e a outras patologias que acometem o sistema nervoso central como encefalopatia hepática (Sharma, Sharma, Puri & Sarin, 2007 Preencher esta lacuna da literatura através de um estudo de treinamento para confirmar ou refutar os achados de Li et al (2006) é uma das metas deste trabalho. Desta maneira, com as evidências de Li e colaboradores (2006Li e colaboradores ( , 2009Li e colaboradores ( e 2010, nossa hipótese foi que a resolução temporal visual seria alterada em pessoas que jogarem AVG, avaliado através dos limiares de fusão e cintilação da visão entre pré e pós-treino dos participantes da pesquisa.…”

Section: Resolução Temporal Da Visão E Percepção De Cintilaçãounclassified

Resolução temporal de videogames de ação e seus efeitos em tarefas visuais

Tiraboschi¹

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Action video game play enhances perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills, such as leading to faster recovery of visual attention over time and improvement of temporal dynamics of visual perception. Correlational data suggest that these temporal enhancements extend to lowlevel vision processes, but stronger evidence is needed. Also, in the multimedia computing field it was pointed out that video game screen frame rate affects players performance and enjoyment, but it is unclear how such technical aspects of the games play a role in cognitive augmentations. To shed more light on these issues, we tested whether action video game play and the frame rate at which they are played affects flicker detection in the central visual field and performance in attentional blink task. Thirty two (16 M, 16F) non-video game players volunteered to a longitudinal experiment. They were randomly split into four groups (4M, 4F). All of the groups performed a critical flicker-fusion frequency task (by method of limits) and attentional blink task at the first day of the experiment. Two experimental groups underwent action video-game training with different screen frame-rate caps each (15 and 120 frames per second, respectively). And one control group trained with a control game and a second control group had no training. The total amount of time in video-game training was 10 hours (75 min per day for consecutive 8 days), except for the no-training group. On the 10th day, all participants performed the flicker-detection and attentional blink tasks (post-test). Generally, critical flicker-fusion thresholds increased at the post-test for all groups, particularly for the non-training group, there were no group effect. Only marginal increased were observed in lag 2 for participant trained in low-frame-rate action video games. Our data suggest that playing video games do not increase flicker sensitivity threshold, it may actually prevent increase. And lower frame rate training produce transfer effects to Attentional Blink task, but not the higher frame rate training, at least in the first 10 hours.

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Critical Flicker Fusion Predicts Executive Function in Younger and Older Adults

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Early detection of diving-related cognitive impairment of different nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using critical flicker fusion frequency

Early detection of diving-related cognitive impairment of different nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures using critical flicker fusion frequency

Dietary Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin Change Brain Activation in Older Adult Participants: A Randomized, Double‐Masked, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Resolução temporal de videogames de ação e seus efeitos em tarefas visuais

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