Critical features of training that facilitate adaptive generalization of over ground locomotion

Mulavara, Ajitkumar P.; Cohen, Helen S.; Bloomberg, Jacob J.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.08.012

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Alternatively, since this task was relatively easy and well practiced, once subjects learned the task they may have been able to practice is mentally to improve or maintain performance. Although the finding is weaker than expected it still corroborates our previous work showing that multiple lens practice was better than sham lens practice for ball throwing at a target, walking through a different obstacle course, or training on a treadmill (Roller et al 2001; Cohen et al 2005, Mulavara et al in press). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Improvement of Obstacle Avoidance on a Compliant Surface during Transfer to a Novel Visual Task after Variable Practice under Unusual Visual Conditions

et al. 2009

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Summary Previous work has shown that variable practice facilitates adaptation to novel visuomotor changes during throwing tasks and during obstacle avoidance on a solid floor. We asked if locomotor skill on an obstacle avoidance task on a compliant surface, and in a novel visuomotor environment, improved through training with variable practice on visuomotor changes. 61 normal adults practiced traversing the obstacle course; half the trials were done without visual changes, half the trials were done while wearing either sham or visual distortion lenses in single lens or multiple lens groups. Transfer tests on the obstacle course while wearing novel lenses showed significantly better scores with multiple lenses than sham; the single lens group did not differ from sham or multiple lens groups. Thus, performance in a novel visual environment, on a compliant surface improves most with variable practice training.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Improvement of Obstacle Avoidance on a Compliant Surface during Transfer to a Novel Visual Task after Variable Practice under Unusual Visual Conditions

et al. 2009

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“…Not only did these participants show faster adaptation rates over the course of the blocks for both prisms (termed ‘dual adaptation’), but also when faced with a new larger prismatic displacement, participants showed facilitation of learning (‘adaptive generalization’ or ‘learning to learn’). Such ‘adaptive generalization’ has also been observed in a study which manipulated both the type of visual distortion and the type of task [72]. Subjects either walked on a treadmill or performed a balancing task.…”

Section: Structural Learning In Motor Controlmentioning

confidence: 69%

Structure learning in action

Braun¹,

Mehring²,

Wolpert³

2010

Behavioural Brain Research

195

162

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‘Learning to learn’ phenomena have been widely investigated in cognition, perception and more recently also in action. During concept learning tasks, for example, it has been suggested that characteristic features are abstracted from a set of examples with the consequence that learning of similar tasks is facilitated—a process termed ‘learning to learn’. From a computational point of view such an extraction of invariants can be regarded as learning of an underlying structure. Here we review the evidence for structure learning as a ‘learning to learn’ mechanism, especially in sensorimotor control where the motor system has to adapt to variable environments. We review studies demonstrating that common features of variable environments are extracted during sensorimotor learning and exploited for efficient adaptation in novel tasks. We conclude that structure learning plays a fundamental role in skill learning and may underlie the unsurpassed flexibility and adaptability of the motor system.

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“…Learning to learn has also been observed in motor tasks such as a visuomotor rotation task (Welch et al 1993) and a treadmill task (Mulavara et al 2009). Hence, such feature extraction may be a universal technique that the brain exploits to facilitate learning (Braun et al 2009b;Wolpert et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural learning in feedforward and feedback control

Yousif

Diedrichsen

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Yousif N, Diedrichsen J. Structural learning in feedforward and feedback control. J Neurophysiol 108: 2373-2382, 2012. First published August 15, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.00315.2012.-For smooth and efficient motor control, the brain needs to make fast corrections during the movement to resist possible perturbations. It also needs to adapt subsequent movements to improve future performance. It is important that both feedback corrections and feedforward adaptation need to be made based on noisy and often ambiguous sensory data. Therefore, the initial response of the motor system, both for online corrections and adaptive responses, is guided by prior assumptions about the likely structure of perturbations. In the context of correcting and adapting movements perturbed by a force field, we asked whether these priors are hard wired or whether they can be modified through repeated exposure to differently shaped force fields. We found that both feedback corrections to unexpected perturbations and feedforward adaptation to a new force field changed, such that they were appropriate to counteract the type of force field that participants had experienced previously. We then investigated whether these changes were driven by a common mechanism or by two separate mechanisms. Participants experienced force fields that were either temporally consistent, causing sustained adaptation, or temporally inconsistent, causing little overall adaptation. We found that the consistent force fields modified both feedback and feedforward responses. In contrast, the inconsistent force field modified the temporal shape of feedback corrections but not of the feedforward adaptive response. These results indicate that responses to force perturbations can be modified in a structural manner and that these modifications are at least partly dissociable for feedback and feedforward control.

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Critical features of training that facilitate adaptive generalization of over ground locomotion

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Improvement of Obstacle Avoidance on a Compliant Surface during Transfer to a Novel Visual Task after Variable Practice under Unusual Visual Conditions

Improvement of Obstacle Avoidance on a Compliant Surface during Transfer to a Novel Visual Task after Variable Practice under Unusual Visual Conditions

Structure learning in action

Structural learning in feedforward and feedback control

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