Critical Factors Involved in Primordia Building in Agaricus bisporus: A Review

Abstract

<jats:p>The button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is an economically important crop worldwide. Many aspects of its cultivation are well known, except for the precise biological triggers for its fructification. By and large, for most basidiomycete species, nutrient availability, light and a drop in temperature are critical factors for fructification. A. bisporus deviates from this pattern in the sense that it does not require light for fructification. Furthermore its fructification seems to be inhibited by a self-generated factor which needs to be removed by microorganisms in order to initiate fruiting. This review explores what is known about the morphogenesis of fruiting initiation in A. bisporus, the microflora, the self-inhibitors for fruiting initiation and transcription factors involved. This information is subsequently contrasted with an overall model of the regulatory system involved in the initiation of the formation of primordia in basidiomycetes. The comparison reveals a number of the blank spots in our understanding of the fruiting process in A. bisporus.</jats:p>

Metagenomics analysis of the effects of Agaricus bisporus mycelia on microbial diversity and CAZymes in compost

“…Industrial-scale production of Agaricus bisporus , an edible mushroom with a long history of cultivation ( Baars et al, 2020 ), has solved part of the problem of agricultural waste reuse to a certain extent ( De Andrade et al, 2008 ). In the process of large-scale production of A. bisporus , agricultural wastes, such as wheat straw and chicken manure, are mainly used as raw materials for fermentation ( Roncero-Ramos & Delgado-Andrade, 2017 ), which is both environmentally-friendly and economical, addressing the issue of reusing of agricultural waste to a certain extent ( Colmenares-Cruz, Sánchez & Valle-Mora, 2017 ).…”

Sexual Crossing, Chromosome-Level Genome Sequences, and Comparative Genomic Analyses for the Medicinal Mushroom Taiwanofungus Camphoratus (Syn. Antrodia Cinnamomea , Antrodia Camphorata)

“…To identify evolutionarily conserved FRGs in the four T. camphoratus haploid genomes, we applied standard protein-protein BLAST (e-value ≤10 − 17 ; [ 21 ]) using genes that had previously been shown to play a role in mushroom formation of several other fungi, including Agrocybe aegerita , C. cinerea , and S. commune ( 20 , 64 – 81 ).…”

Feeding growing mushrooms

“…This spawn-run substrate (phase III substrate) is used by growers to fill shelves in growing houses where it is covered with a nutrient poor casing layer consisting of peat and lime. This layer is needed to induce mycelium to form fruiting initials (pins) after venting the rooms by lowering the air temperature and CO2 concentration (BAARS et al 2020). Most growers produce only two flushes which corresponds with a reduction in phase III substrate of dry matter by 16%, equivalent to 22% of the organic matter (KABEL et al 2017).…”

“…The fermented substrate (phase II) is subsequently inoculated with spawn and fully colonized during 14-16 days in tunnels at 24-26 ° C. This spawn-run substrate (phase III substrate) is used by growers to fill shelves in growing houses where it is covered with a nutrient poor casing layer consisting of peat and lime. This layer is needed to induce mycelium to form fruiting initials (pins) after venting the rooms by lowering the air temperature and CO 2 concentration (B aars et al . 2020).…”