Critical evaluation of the customisation process of the UNDRR disaster resilience scorecard for cities to earthquake-induced soil liquefaction disaster events

Abstract

As cities become larger and more densely populated the impacts of major earthquake events on city communities become more severe. Improving community resilience to earthquake events relies on the complex relationships that exist between different community stakeholder groups (citizens, businesses, community groups, emergency services, critical infrastructure providers, politicians etc.). This paper reports results from a major EU funded study (LIQUEFACT) that developed a tool for assessing community resilience to Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Disaster (EILD) events. The tool is based on a customised version of the UNDRR Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities. The paper reviews alternative approaches to measuring community resilience and describes the process used in the LIQUEFACT project to develop and validate the customised scorecard. The paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey to identify the best generic approach to measure community resilience and a series of semi-structured group interviews to define a range of specific metrics for assessing community resilience to EILD events; and the results of a validation workshop to assess the effectiveness and usability of the customised scorecard. The paper concludes that it is possible to develop a customised version of the UNDRR Scorecard at an appropriate level of granularity to support improved community resilience to earthquake induced soil liquefaction disaster events. The paper also presents key lessons that could assist those developing similar customised versions of the UNDRR scorecard for use in different geographical settings or against different disaster scenarios.

Improving the resilience of existing built assets to earthquake induced liquefaction disaster events

“…Use the organisation's business continuity and disaster management plans and business risk framework to assess the impact that loss of performance would have on the organisation Use the customised UNIDRR Disaster Resilience of Cities Scorecard (Jones et al 2020) to assess the impact that a loss of performance would have on the community. Use the LIQUEFACT CI scorecard (Morga et al 2020) to assess the impact that a loss of performance would have on the critical infrastructure system 7 Identify a range of technical and operational mitigation actions for each critical infrastructure element or built asset whose impact has been identified as having a significant (using critical success factors identified in step 1) impact on either an individual organisation's resilience, critical infrastructure system resilience or community resilience…”

“…Finally, the RAIF assumes that the impact of an EILD event on overall community resilience can be assessed by combining the impact that an EILD event has on each subsystem. Whilst detailed discussion of this stage is beyond the scope of this paper the LIQUEFACT project developed a customised version of the UNDRR Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities (UNDRR 2017) which can be found in Jones et al (2020) and Morga et al (2020).…”

“…The aim of the RAIF was to provide an integrating framework linking technical solutions (developed across the LIQUEFACT project) with business (BAM) and community models (Jones et al 2020). An iterative, action research based methodology, combining both quantitative and quantitative approaches was used to develop an holistic understanding of the impact that EILD mitigation interventions could have on built asset and community resilience (Fig.…”

“…3). A quantitative approach was used to assess the potential of the UNDRR Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities to provide the basis for assessing the impact built asset mitigation interventions to an EILD event have on community resilience (reported in Jones et al 2020). A qualitative approach was used to develop the RAIF and to provide the theoretical underpinning for the integration of tools developed across the LIQUEFACT project in a BAM planning framework.…”

“…The approach to cost-benefit analysis changed from a wide area (geographical) disaster management approach to a narrow built asset/site options appraisal approach that would support the evaluation and prioritisation of built asset level mitigation interventions through strategic built asset management. From a community resilience perspective the UNDRR Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities was identified as an appropriate tool and a customised version of the Scorecard was developed for the LIQUEFACT project (described in Jones et al 2020). A more detailed discussion of all of the above is contained in Morga et al (2020).…”