Critical Evaluation and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Li2O-Al2O3 and Li2O-MgO-Al2O3 Systems

Konar, Bikram; Ende, Marie‐Aline Van; Jung, In‐Ho

doi:10.1007/s11663-018-1349-x

Cited by 30 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…[41] Kubaschewski [42] and Okamoto [43] also reviewed this system. In all assessments, four intermetallic compounds (Gd 2 Fe 17 , Gd 6 Fe 23 , GdFe 3 and GdFe 2 ), bcc and fcc Fe solutions, bcc and hcp Gd solutions, and liquid (Liq) phase were considered.…”

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all the previous assessments by Liu et al, [39] Zinkevich et al [40] and Konar, [41] the liquid enthalpy was optimized using the data by Nikolaenko and Nosova [51] as the experiments of Ivanov et al [52] were not available at the time of the assessments. Liu et al [39] assessed the DH o 298…”

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[41] Landin and Å gren [60] and Konar [41] suggested four stable intermetallic phases Tb 2 Fe 17 , Tb 6 Fe 23 , TbFe 3 , and TbFe 2 , which is characteristic of the Fe-heavy RE systems, in addition to bcc Fe, fcc Fe, hcp Tb, bcc Tb solution and liquid phase, based on the experimental study of Dariel et al [61] The phase diagram of the Fe-Tb system is shown in Fig. 5 along with experimental data by Dariel et al, [61] Orlova et al [62] and Chen et al [63] Dariel et al [61] used both TA and quenching experiments followed by XRD, OM, and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) for phase analysis.…”

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present optimization reproduced these experimental data accurately. At the time of previous assessments by Landin and Å gren, [60] and Konar, [41] no such experimental enthalpy of mixing data were available, hence the estimated enthalpies The optimized phase diagram of the Fe-Tb system with the experimental data (a) overall composition range, [61][62][63][64] (b) in the hightemperature region [61][62][63] (c) in the Fe-rich side are quite different from the present result as shown in Fig. 6 [65] and Meschel et al [55] are presented in Fig.…”

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enthalpy of the liquid phase and the Gibbs energy of TbFe 2 were firstly optimized together with the phase diagram information in order to reproduce the [52] and assessments. [41,60] (a) Integral enthalpy of mixing and (b) partial enthalpy of mixing [55,65] Fig. 8 The optimized C p of TbFe 2 along with the experimental data [57] enthalpy of mixing by Ivanov et al [52] 17 and the bcc solution parameters were optimized to reproduce their phase stabilities.…”

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Systematic Evaluation and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Fe-RE System: RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y

Konar

Kim

Jung

2017

J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.

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As the second part of the thermodynamic study of binary Fe-RE system, critical evaluations and optimizations of all available phase diagrams and thermodynamic data for the Fe-heavy RE (heavy RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y) systems were conducted to obtain reliable thermodynamic functions of all the phases in the systems. In the thermodynamic modeling of the heavy RE systems, systematic variations in the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties such as the enthalpy of mixing in the liquid state and enthalpy of formation of solid compounds with the atomic number of lanthanide series were observed. These systematic trends were incorporated in the optimization of the Fe-heavy RE system to resolve inconsistencies between available experimental data and to estimate unknown thermodynamic properties. The systematic trends in thermodynamic properties of solid and liquid phases and phase diagram of the entire Fe-RE systems were summarized.

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Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fe-gd (Iron-gadolinium) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Systematic Evaluation and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Fe-RE System: RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y

Konar

Kim

Jung

2017

J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.

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High‐Throughput Study of the Phase Constitution of the Thin Film System Mg–Mn–Al–O

Lourens,

Suhr,

Schnickmann

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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The increasing importance of recycling makes the recovery of valuable elements from slags interesting. The concept of engineered artificial minerals aims at the formation of phase(s) with a high content of the to‐be‐recovered element(s) from slags of pyrometallurgical recycling processes. For this, understanding the phase constitution of the slag systems, such as the spinel‐forming subsystem Mg‐Mn‐Al‐O from Li‐ion battery recycling, is of great importance. Here, the phase constitution is investigated using a thin film materials library that covers the composition space (Mg14‐69Mn11‐38Al14‐74)Ox. High‐throughput energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction confirm the formation of the spinel solid solution phase for a wide composition space. The Mn oxidation state is shown to be a mixture of Mn2+ and Mn3+ by analyzing Mn 2p3/2 spectra from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For one measurement area of the materials library containing equal atomic amounts of Mg, Mn, and Al, transmission electron microscopy shows columnar spinel grains with Mg, Mn and Al evenly distributed. Based on these results, it is suggested that the high likelihood of spinel formation in slags could be influenced by controlling the Mn oxidation state to allow the formation of desirable engineered artificial minerals for Li recovery.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The Influence of Annealing on the Compositional and Crystallographic Properties of Sputtered Li–Al–O Thin Films

Lourens,

Rogalla,

Suhr

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Li–Al–O materials are interesting for several applications. Herein, a Li–Al–O thin‐film materials library, deposited by inert magnetron sputtering and postdeposition annealing in O2 atmosphere, is used to study the effects of different annealing temperatures (300–850 °C) and durations (1 min to 7 h) on crystallinity and composition of the films. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling reveals inhomogeneous compositional depth profiles of conventionally annealed films (300–650 °C, 3–7 h) with increased Li contents toward the film surface and increased Al contents toward the film–substrate interface, as confirmed by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and deuteron‐induced nuclear reaction analysis. The minimum temperature for the formation of crystalline LiAlO2 in the otherwise amorphous films is 550 °C. The undesired inhomogeneous depth profiles are transformed into homogeneous ones by rapid thermal annealing (750–850 °C, 1–10 min), while simultaneously causing the formation of crystalline LiAlO2. Therefore, rapid thermal annealing is shown to be more suitable than conventional annealing for the thermal processing of Li–Al–O thin films. Moreover, this conclusion is expected to have broader relevance beyond Li–Al–O materials, as it is likely to apply to other Li metal oxides, of which there are many technologically relevant ones.

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Critical Evaluation and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Li2O-Al2O3 and Li2O-MgO-Al2O3 Systems

Cited by 30 publications

References 79 publications

Critical Systematic Evaluation and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Fe-RE System: RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y

Critical Systematic Evaluation and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Fe-RE System: RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y

High‐Throughput Study of the Phase Constitution of the Thin Film System Mg–Mn–Al–O

The Influence of Annealing on the Compositional and Crystallographic Properties of Sputtered Li–Al–O Thin Films

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