Critical corrections to formulations of nonlinear energy dissipation of ultrasonically excited bubbles and a unifying parameter to asses and enhance bubble activity in applications

Abstract

Current models for calculating nonlinear energy dissipation in the oscillation of acoustically excited bubbles generate non-physical values for the radiation damping term for some frequency and pressure regions including near resonance oscillations. We provide critical corrections to the present formulations. We highlighted the importance of the corrections by calculating the scattering to damping ratio (STDR) for nonlinear regime of oscillations. We then introduce two new parameters to assess the efficacy of applications. They are defined as the multiplication of maximum re-radiated pressure and radiation dissipation by STDR.