Critical Appraisal of Jumping as a Measure of Human Power

Adamson, Grant; Whitney, R. J.

doi:10.1159/000392173

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…They are complex, multi-segment systems and muscular performance does not always result in movement. Even where movement does occur and in spite of concerns expressed by many (1,17,18,24,27,30,33), exercise science researchers frequently misapply classical mechanics presented by Newton in 1687 in his three-volume Philosophae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy). Misapplications are most common for the mechanical variables "work", "velocity", "power" and "efficiency".…”

Section: Quantifying the Ability To Perform Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Misuse of “Power” and Other Mechanical Terms in Sport and Exercise Science Research

Winter

Abt

Brookes

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

116

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Section: Quantifying the Ability To Perform Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Misuse of “Power” and Other Mechanical Terms in Sport and Exercise Science Research

Winter

Abt

Brookes

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

116

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“…The validity of our peak power output values is more difficult to assess. Previously there have been objections raised to the cal~ulation of peak power ' output in jumping (Adamson and Whitney (1971)). The methodti used in this study for calculation of peak power output nullify these.…”

Section: Average Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of short term power output: Comparison between cycling and jumping

1984

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Maximal power output during short term constant velocity cycling and vertical jumping from a force platform has been studied in five healthy young male subjects. From the measurements on the force platform the peak (instantaneous) power output (P), net impulse (I,), force (F,), velocity of take-off (V,) and height ofjump (h) were calculated. The corresponding values for power (H), force (F) and velocity (V) on the bicycle were obtained from analysis of the force-velocity relationship.The results (mean* S.D.) showed that on the force platform F,, P, I,, V, and h were 1073+167N,2205f 310W, 154+17Ns,2.48f OlSms-' and 31k4crn. h was positively associated with both I, (r = + 0.77) and P (r = 0.67). The mean maximal power output for cycling was 854W(39%) greater than jumping and yas achieved at a 271 N (25%) increase in F and a reduction in V. Nevertheless they were closely related.Platform P ( W ) = 717.6+ 0,483 bicycle H(W) r = f0.74 A comparison of linear and curvilinear (hyperbolic) analysis of the F / V bicycle data showed that the latter did not reduce the variance of observations and was not, therefore, statistically justifiable (Wilkie 1950). The mean intra-subject variations of P and H were 6.6%_+ 1.8 and 40%+ 1.2. The relative values of F and Vat H were both found to be approximately 50% of their respective maximal values.It was concluded that short term power output can be measured simply and accurately in man during the performance of two activities. Rotational movement of the legs as in cycling produces higher values of peak power output then vertically lifting body weight. For the achievement of peak power output in cycling, relative force and speed of movement must both correspond to approximately half of their respective maximal values.

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“…These mathematical equations let think that maximal jumping performances are determined by the capability of lower extremities to produce work or power. However, other authors supported the idea that impulsive action performance (such as jumping) do not depend on muscles ability to generate power, but rather on their capability to produce impulse (Adamson and Whitney, 1971;Knudson, 2009;Winter, 2005). Even if this distinction may seem minor, it reveals the difficulty in identifying the mechanical characteristics of the force generator that maximise jumping performance from the sole mechanical outputs related to performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jumping ability: A theoretical integrative approach

Samozino

Morin

Hintzy

et al. 2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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A theoretical integrative approach is proposed to understand the overall mechanical characteristics of lower extremities determining jumping ability. This approach considers that external force production during push-off is limited by mechanical constraints imposed by both movement dynamics and force generator properties, i.e. lower extremities characteristics. While the velocity of the body depends on the amount of external force produced over the push-off, the capabilities of force production decrease with increasing movement velocity, notably for force generators driven by muscular contraction, such as lower extremities of large animals during jumping from a resting position. Considering the circular interaction between these two mechanical constraints, and using simple mathematical and physical principles, the proposed approach leads to a mathematical expression of the maximal jump height an individual can reach as a function of only three integrative mechanical characteristics of his lower extremities: the maximal force they can produce (F (0)), the maximal velocity at which they can extend under muscles action (v (0)) and the distance of force production determined by their usual extension range (h(PO)). These three integrative variables positively influence maximal jump height. For instance in humans, a 10% variation in F (0), v (0) or h(PO) induces a change in jump height of about 10-15%, 6-11% and 4-8%, respectively. The proposed theoretical approach allowed to isolate the basic mechanical entities through which all physiological and morphological specificities influence jumping performance, and may be used to separate the very first macroscopic effects of these three mechanical characteristics on jumping performance variability.

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Critical Appraisal of Jumping as a Measure of Human Power

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Misuse of “Power” and Other Mechanical Terms in Sport and Exercise Science Research

Misuse of “Power” and Other Mechanical Terms in Sport and Exercise Science Research

Measurement of short term power output: Comparison between cycling and jumping

Jumping ability: A theoretical integrative approach

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