Critical appraisal of different triggering pathways for the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris—A review

Abstract

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease with an increased potential for mortality. The epithelium is key in understanding the pathobiology as it is specialized to perform functions like mechanical protection, immunological defense, and proprioception. In order to perform these array of functions, epithelial integrity is important. This integrity is maintained by a host of molecules which orchestrate the ability of the keratinocytes to function as a single unit. Desmoglein 3 antibodies formed in genetically susceptible individuals are known to cause the disruption of the intact oral mucosa leading to the formation of blisters in pemphigus vulgaris patients. However, there are underlying complex triggering pathways leading to the clinical disease. The aim of the review is to congregate and critically appraise the various triggering pathways which contribute toward the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris. Articles relevant to the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris were identified from various search databases till the year 2020. The pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris is complex, and it involves an in‐depth understanding of the various predisposing factors, provoking factors, and progression mechanisms. Congregation of the various triggering pathways will open our minds to understand pemphigus vulgaris better and in turn develop a reliable treatment in the near future.

Deciphering the Involvement of Chronic Inflammation in Osteoarthritis: Evaluation of Complement 3 and Cathepsin D in Osteoarthritic Patients—A Retrospective Case Study

“…The chronic increase in certain ECM components, such as hyaluronan (HA), has been associated with a shift from benign inflammation to chronic pro-inflammatory effects, contributing to OA development. [ 16 17 18 ] Therefore, the elevated levels of Complement C3 observed in our study may indicate damaged cartilage in OA patients.…”

Assessment of Tooth Wear among Tobacco Chewers in South India

“…Our team has extensive knowledge and research experience that has translate into high quality publications Jayasree et al [21],Sivakumar et al [22] ,Uma Maheswari et al [23],Avinash et al [24],Chaitanya et al [25], Gudipaneni et al [26], Chaturvedula et al [27], Patil et al [28] ,Ezhilarasan et al [29], Sharma et al [30], Perumalsamy et al [31], Rajeshkumar et al [32], Mehta et al [33], Rajakumari et al [34], PradeepKumar et al [35], R et al [36], Ezhilarasan et al [37] Sarode et al [38] Kavarthapu and Gurumoorthy [39] Preethi et al [40].…”

Chronic exposure to the anti-M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor autoantibody in pemphigus vulgaris contributes to disease pathophysiology

“…The results obtained in the present study elaborate on the pathogenic role of non-Dsg AuAbs in PV. A recently published critical appraisal of different known triggering pathways in PV pathophysiology ( 38 ) emphasized that the pathogenesis of this serious disease is complex and requires an in-depth understanding of the various predisposing and provoking factors and effector mechanisms to improve the efficacy and safety of current treatments. Numerous studies conducted worldwide over the last 3 decades on anti-Dsg AuAbs convincingly demonstrated that these AuAbs can serve a reliable diagnostic marker of PV.…”