Criterion Validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor as a Measure of Walking Activity in Patients After Stroke

Mudge, Suzie; Stott, N. Susan; Walt, Sharon E.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.039

Cited by 97 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It can be difficult for one reliability study to differentiate between this natural variation and measurement error. However, previous work has shown consistently that the StepWatch is accurate in step counting, 3,6,[12][13][14][15][16] so the variation detected in this study likely reflects true daily variation in activity levels. A potential source of error in the StepWatch is interpretation of certain activities such as cycling or leg swinging as steps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Test-Retest Reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor Outputs in Healthy Adults

Mudge¹,

Taylor²,

Chang³

et al. 2010

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background: Activity Monitors give an objective measure of usual walking performance. This study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor outputs (mean steps/day; peak activity index; sustained activity indices of 1, 5, 20, 30, 60 minutes; steps at high, medium, and low stepping rates). Methods: Thirty healthy adults age 18 to 49 years wore the StepWatch for 2 3-day periods at least 1 week apart. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients of the StepWatch outputs ranged from 0.44 to 0.91 over 3 days. The coefficient of variation ranged from 3.0% to 51.3% over the monitoring periods, with higher variation shown for shorter monitoring periods. The most reliable 5 outputs had 95% limits of agreement between 3-day periods that were less than 40%. These were mean steps/day (±39.1%), highest step rate in 1 (±17.3%) and 5 (±37.4%) minutes, peak activity index (±25.6%), and percentage of inactive time (±9.52%). Conclusions: Mean steps/day, highest step rate in 1 and 5 minutes, peak activity index, and percentage of inactive time have good test-retest reliability over a 3-day monitoring period, with lower reliability shown by the other StepWatch outputs. Monitoring over 1 or 2 days is less reliable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Test-Retest Reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor Outputs in Healthy Adults

Mudge¹,

Taylor²,

Chang³

et al. 2010

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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“…Gait intensities were measured as gait cycles per minute. It has been shown that measurement of ambulatory activity using the SAM device was 99.87% accurate [19], and its validity has been proven [4,20]. The device has been used in several investigations in other medical applications [5-7, 9, 12, 27, 38], but has not previously been used to study degenerative spine diseases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step activity monitoring in lumbar stenosis patients undergoing decompressive surgery

et al. 2010

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Symptomatic degenerative central lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a frequent indication for decompressive spinal surgery, to reduce spinal claudication. No data are as yet available on the effect of surgery on the level of activity measured with objective long-term monitoring. The aim of this prospective, controlled study was to objectively quantify the level of activity in central LSS patients before and after surgery, using a continuous measurement device. The objective data were correlated with subjective clinical results and the radiographic degree of stenosis. Forty-seven patients with central LSS and typical spinal claudication scheduled for surgery were included. The level of activity (number of gait cycles) was quantified for 7 consecutive days using the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM). Visual analogue scales (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index and RolandMorris score were used to assess the patients' clinical status. The patients were investigated before surgery and 3 and 12 months after surgery. In addition, the radiographic extent of central LSS was measured digitally on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. The following results were found preoperatively: 3,578 gait cycles/day, VAS for back pain 5.7 and for leg pain 6.5. Three months after surgery, the patients showed improvement: 4,145 gait cycles/day, VAS for back pain 4.0 and for leg pain 3.0. Twelve months after surgery, the improvement continued: 4,335 gait cycles/day, VAS for back pain 4.1 and for leg pain 3.3. The clinical results and SAM results showed significant improvement when preoperative data were compared with data 3 and 12 months after surgery. The results 12 months after surgery did not differ significantly from those 3 months after surgery. The level of activity correlated significantly with the degree of leg pain. The mean cross-sectional area of the spinal canal at the central LSS was 94 mm 2 . The radiographic results did not correlate either with objective SAM results or with clinical outcome parameters. In conclusion, this study is the first to present objective data on continuous activity monitoring/measurements in patients with central LSS. The SAM could be an adequate tool for performing these measurements in spine patients. Except for leg pain, the objective SAM results did not correlate with the clinical results or with the radiographic extent of central LSS.

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“…The studies which measured daily step counts reported they ranged as low as 1400 (Michael & Macko 2007) to 4000 (Fulk et al, 2010) steps per day. The exception was the study by Mudge et al, (2007) which found participants took an average of almost 6000 steps per day. Even so, compared to published norms of 6000 to 8500 steps per day for healthy older adults (TudorLocke & Myers 2001), these trials show that people after stroke are generally very inactive.…”

Section: What Are the Theoretical Underpinnings Of Group Circuit Clasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the trials that included mobility outcomes such as the Rivermead Mobility Index (Mead et al, 2007;Mudge et al, 2007) or the Elderly Mobility Scale (Mead et al, 2007), none showed significant improvements related to circuit class therapy. In the study of ) the degree of physical assistance required to walk was measured by the Iowa Level of Assistance Scale.…”

Section: Activities and Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Circuit Class Therapy for Stroke Survivors – A Review of the Evidence and Clinical Implications

English¹,

Port²,

Lynch³

2012

Physical Therapy Perspectives in the 21st Century - Challenges and Possibilities

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Criterion Validity of the StepWatch Activity Monitor as a Measure of Walking Activity in Patients After Stroke

Cited by 97 publications

References 23 publications

Test-Retest Reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor Outputs in Healthy Adults

Test-Retest Reliability of the StepWatch Activity Monitor Outputs in Healthy Adults

Step activity monitoring in lumbar stenosis patients undergoing decompressive surgery

Group Circuit Class Therapy for Stroke Survivors – A Review of the Evidence and Clinical Implications

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