Criteria for extramural perineural invasion as a prognostic factor in rectal cancer

Abstract

The PNI grading system may be useful in prognosis and allow case selection for intensive postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Perineural Invasion Independent Prognostic Factors in Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Curative Resection

“…In otherwise PNI rate were much higher in pancreatic cancer (70-100%) and 75-85% in biliary tract cancer (Nagakawa et al, 1993;Seki et al, 1993). It is reported to be crucial route for the local spread of tumour associated with poor prognosis in head and neck, prostate, pancreas and biliary tract cancers (Carter et al, 1983;Ueno, 2001).…”

“…PNI has been recognized in many series as prevalent pathologic features of colorectal cancer and is reported in up to 33% of these tumors at the time resection (Knudsen et al, 1983;Ueno, 2001). In otherwise PNI rate were much higher in pancreatic cancer (70-100%) and 75-85% in biliary tract cancer (Nagakawa et al, 1993;Seki et al, 1993).…”

“…PNI is often seen in carcinomas head and neck, prostate, pancreas and biliary tract but is relatively rare is rectal carcinomas and it is reported to be crucial route for the local spread of tumour associated with poor prognosis in head and neck, prostate, pancreas and biliary tract cancers (Carter et al, 1983;Ueno, 2001). However, the prognostic importance of PNI in gastric cancer has been evaluated in a few studies.…”

Assessment of the Importance of Non-Stage Related Factors in the Prognosis of Resected Colorectal Cancer

“…Ueno has further refined the reporting of PNI in rectal cancer and shown the extent of PNI correlates with both local recurrence and survival in a stepwise fashion [29].…”

“…PNI does not feature in the current Royal College of Pathologists minimum dataset for colorectal cancer [23] but is included in the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia's minimum dataset [24]. Perineural invasion has been reported to be an independent prognostic factor in resected CRC in the great majority of studies in which it has been assessed [16,[25][26][27][28][29]. In this study PNI was present in 12% of resected colorectal cancers, lower than the 22% recorded by Liebig and 24% by Peng [26,28], and had a highly significant independent effect on cancer specific survival.…”