Criteria for determining whether mismatch responses exist in animal models: Focus on rodents

Harms, Lauren; Michie, Patricia T.; Näätänen, Risto

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.07.006

Cited by 72 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…We then quantified cortical responses to the same stimulus across contexts wherein it is i) redundant, ii) rare and contextually deviant, and iii) rare but not deviant (“many standards” control), equating the number of trials across conditions. Comparing (i) to (iii) yields an estimate of SSA, while (ii) to (iii) estimates deviance detection (Harms et al, 2015). …”

Section: Stimulus Adaption and Deviance Detection Can Be Detected In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the MMN difference potential consists of at least two more basic underlying components: (i) a simple adaptation (reduction) of neural responses to a redundant or repeated stimulus (“stimulus specific adaptation” or SSA), and (ii) an amplified “deviance detection” response, indicating that the rare stimulus violates the expected contextual regularity (Harms et al, 2015). Animal studies show that SSA is present both cortically and subcortically and may reflect synaptic depression in feedforward excitatory inputs (Farley et al, 2010; Garrido et al, 2009).…”

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“…Studies employing basic oddball paradigms have shown that MMN-like waveforms (deviant minus redundant) are present in mouse EEG recordings (Featherstone et al, 2015), but an analytical and mechanistic differentiation of higher order deviance processing from basic sensory adaptation (SSA) is absent, leaving the translational relevance to human MMN unclear (Harms et al, 2015). Some recent studies focusing on SSA have made use of mouse strains allowing interneuron access with optogenetics or florescent microscopy (PV-cre, SOM-cre).…”

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Somatostatin Interneurons Control a Key Component of Mismatch Negativity in Mouse Visual Cortex

2016

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Summary Patients with schizophrenia have deficient sensory processing, undermining how they perceive and relate to a changing environment. This impairment can be captured by the reduced “mismatch negativity” index (MMN), an electroencephalographic biomarker of psychosis. The biological factors contributing to MMN are unclear, though mouse research, where genetic and optical methods could be applied, has given some insight. Using fast two-photon calcium imaging and multielectrode recordings in awake mice, we find that visual cortical circuits display i) adapted (decreased) responses to repeated stimuli and ii) amplified responses to a deviant stimulus, the key component of human MMN. Moreover, pharmacogenetic silencing of somatostatin-containing interneurons specifically eliminated this amplification along with its associated theta/alpha band response, leaving stimulus specific adaption and related gamma-band modulations intact. Our results validate a mouse model of MMN and suggest that abnormalities in somatostatin-containing interneurons cause sensory deficits underlying MMN and schizophrenia.

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Section: Stimulus Adaption and Deviance Detection Can Be Detected In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatostatin Interneurons Control a Key Component of Mismatch Negativity in Mouse Visual Cortex

2016

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“…In anaesthetized animals, MMN, known also as the mismatch response (MMR), in local-field potentials (LFPs) and stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) in single-cell responses have been observed, pointing to rapid perceptual learning within a single recording session (for reviews, see19202122). Modulation of MMN23242526 and SSA272829 in response to changes in pure tone frequency, syllables, and other complex stimuli are reported in the auditory cortex, as well as in subcortical structures in the auditory pathway (MMN30 and SSA3132, for a review, see33).…”

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Passive exposure to speech sounds induces long-term memory representations in the auditory cortex of adult rats

Kurkela

Lipponen

Hämäläinen

et al. 2016

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Experience-induced changes in the functioning of the auditory cortex are prominent in early life, especially during a critical period. Although auditory perceptual learning takes place automatically during this critical period, it is thought to require active training in later life. Previous studies demonstrated rapid changes in single-cell responses of anesthetized adult animals while exposed to sounds presented in a statistical learning paradigm. However, whether passive exposure to sounds can form long-term memory representations remains to be demonstrated. To investigate this issue, we first exposed adult rats to human speech sounds for 3 consecutive days, 12 h/d. Two groups of rats exposed to either spectrotemporal or tonal changes in speech sounds served as controls for each other. Then, electrophysiological brain responses from the auditory cortex were recorded to the same stimuli. In both the exposure and test phase statistical learning paradigm, was applied. The exposure effect was found for the spectrotemporal sounds, but not for the tonal sounds. Only the animals exposed to spectrotemporal sounds differentiated subtle changes in these stimuli as indexed by the mismatch negativity response. The results point to the occurrence of long-term memory traces for the speech sounds due to passive exposure in adult animals.

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“…Differences in neuroanatomy and electrophysiology recording 53 techniques can produce substantially different AEP waveforms in terms of latency, 54 polarity, and amplitude of different characteristic peaks. Hence when referring to 55 animal studies the term mismatch response (MMR) has been adopted, opposed to 56 MMN, reflecting a reduced emphasis on latency and polarity (Harms et al, 2016).…”

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Classical and controlled auditory mismatch responses to multiple physical deviances in anaesthetised and conscious mice

O’Reilly

Conway

2019

Preprint

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Human mismatch negativity (MMN) is modelled in rodents and other non-human species to examine its underlying neurological mechanisms, primarily described in terms of deviance-detection and adaptation. Using the mouse model, we aim to elucidate subtle dependencies between the mismatch response (MMR) and different physical properties of sound. Epidural field potentials were recorded from urethane-anaesthetised and conscious mice during oddball and many-standards control paradigms; with stimuli varying in duration, frequency, intensity, and interstimulus interval. Resulting auditory evoked potentials, classical MMR (oddball − standard), and controlled MMR (oddball − control) waveforms were analysed. Stimulus duration correlated with stimulus-off response peak latency (p < 0.0001). Frequency (p < 0.0001), intensity (p < 0.0001), and inter-stimulus interval (p < 0.0001) correlated with stimulus-on N 1 and P 1 (conscious only) peak amplitudes. These relationships were instrumental in shaping classical MMR morphology in both anaesthetised and conscious animals, suggesting these waveforms reflect modification of normal auditory processing by different physical properties of stimuli. Controlled MMR waveforms appeared to exhibit habituation to auditory stimulation over time, which was equally observed in response to oddball and standard stimuli. These observations are inconsistent with the mechanisms thought to underlie human MMN, which currently do not address differences due to specific physical features of auditory deviance. Thus, no evidence was found to objectively support the deviance-detection or adaptation hypotheses of MMN in relation to anaesthetised or conscious mice.Mismatch negativity (MMN) is widely believed to reflect pre-attentive sensory-2 memory. It is observed in response to an oddball paradigm, in which many identical 3 standard stimuli are infrequently replaced with deviant oddball stimuli. This study 4 concerns the auditory modality, as does the majority of literature on MMN. Odd-5 ball stimuli may deviate from the standard in any discriminable feature of sound 6 (Pakarinen et al., 2007). The auditory-evoked potential (AEP) from the standard is 7 conventionally subtracted from that of the oddball, generating a difference wave-8 form that constitutes the MMN. This may be referred to as the classical approach. 9 Interestingly, MMN is observed from patients in anaesthetised and comatose states 10 (Fischer et al., 1999(Fischer et al., , 2000Kane et al., 1996), suggesting that the mechanisms re-11 sponsible for its generation are not reliant on consciousness. The prevailing theory 12 is that a mismatch between novel auditory input and a memory-representation, or 13 predictive model, of recently experienced auditory inputs, triggers updating of this 14 model, thereby subconsciously capturing the attention. This manifests in scalp-15 recorded EEG as a MMN component (Winkler et al., 1996). This interpretation has 16 remained largely unchanged since its rationale was first proposed (Näätänen et al., 17...

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Criteria for determining whether mismatch responses exist in animal models: Focus on rodents

Cited by 72 publications

References 96 publications

Somatostatin Interneurons Control a Key Component of Mismatch Negativity in Mouse Visual Cortex

Somatostatin Interneurons Control a Key Component of Mismatch Negativity in Mouse Visual Cortex

Passive exposure to speech sounds induces long-term memory representations in the auditory cortex of adult rats

Classical and controlled auditory mismatch responses to multiple physical deviances in anaesthetised and conscious mice

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