CRISPRing into the woods

Tsai, Chung‐Jui; Xue, Liang‐Jiao

doi:10.1080/21645698.2015.1091553

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Next to that, structural variability, such as density or MFA, between transgenics and the WT should be small, whereas differences in lignin content have to be high enough for a detectable influence. Using the new CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology, which has been demonstrated to work efficiently in poplar (Tsai et al ., ), at least the spatial variability in the efficiency of gene downregulation can be overcome (Zhou et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the impact of lignin on cell wall mechanics: a comprehensive study on young poplar trees downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD)

et al. 2017

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Lignin engineering is a promising tool to reduce the energy input and the need of chemical pre-treatments for the efficient conversion of plant biomass into fermentable sugars for downstream applications. At the same time, lignin engineering can offer new insight into the structure-function relationships of plant cell walls by combined mechanical, structural and chemical analyses. Here, this comprehensive approach was applied to poplar trees (Populus tremula × Populus alba) downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD) in order to gain insight into the impact of lignin reduction on mechanical properties. The downregulation of CAD resulted in a significant decrease in both elastic modulus and yield stress. As wood density and cellulose microfibril angle (MFA) did not show any significant differences between the wild type and the transgenic lines, these structural features could be excluded as influencing factors. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman imaging were performed to elucidate changes in the chemical composition directly on the mechanically tested tissue sections. Lignin content was identified as a mechanically relevant factor, as a correlation with a coefficient of determination (r²) of 0.65 between lignin absorbance (as an indicator of lignin content) and tensile stiffness was found. A comparison of the present results with those of previous investigations shows that the mechanical impact of lignin alteration under tensile stress depends on certain structural conditions, such as a high cellulose MFA, which emphasizes the complex relationship between the chemistry and mechanical properties in plant cell walls.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the impact of lignin on cell wall mechanics: a comprehensive study on young poplar trees downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD)

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, in the cultivar Khalas about 0.9 million new SNPs have also been reported. A high frequency of SNPs in the coding region is also reported from other woody perennial trees such as Populus trichocarpa, Populus tremula , and Eucalyptus ( Tsai and Xue, 2015 ). Because, most of the plant models used for GE through CRISPR/Cas9 are highly homozygous, therefore few studies are available, which addressed sequence polymorphisms.…”

Section: The Limitations Of Date Palm Genome Editingmentioning

confidence: 83%

CRISPR/Cas9: A Practical Approach in Date Palm Genome Editing

et al. 2017

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The genetic modifications through breeding of crop plants have long been used to improve the yield and quality. However, precise genome editing (GE) could be a very useful supplementary tool for improvement of crop plants by targeted genome modifications. Various GE techniques including ZFNs (zinc finger nucleases), TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases), and most recently clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9)-based approaches have been successfully employed for various crop plants including fruit trees. CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches hold great potential in GE due to their simplicity, competency, and versatility over other GE techniques. However, to the best of our knowledge no such genetic improvement has ever been developed in date palm—an important fruit crop in Oasis agriculture. The applications of CRISPR/Cas9 can be a challenging task in date palm GE due to its large and complex genome, high rate of heterozygosity and outcrossing, in vitro regeneration and screening of mutants, high frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the genome and ultimately genetic instability. In this review, we addressed the potential application of CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches in date palm GE to improve the sustainable date palm production. The availability of the date palm whole genome sequence has made it feasible to use CRISPR/Cas9 GE approach for genetic improvement in this species. Moreover, the future prospects of GE application in date palm are also addressed in this review.

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“…Analysis of the RNA-guided genome-editing events demonstrated that 30 of 59 PCR clones were homozygous mutants, 2 of 59 were heterozygous mutants, and the mutation efficiency at these target sites was estimated to be 51.7 % (Fan et al 2015). The CRISPR/Cas9 system was better than previous approaches for determining functional redundancy of paralogous genes that are prevalent in plant genomes, indicating that CRISPR/Cas9 will accelerate not only basic research but also crop improvement progress (Tsai and Xue 2015).…”

Section: Populusmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…When RNA-guided genome editing and targeted gene mutation via the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to edit the genome of Populus tomentosa, four gRNAs were designed to target distinct poplar genomic sites of the phytoene desaturase gene 8 (PtoPDS) that are followed by the protospacer-adjacent motif (Fan et al 2015;Tsai and Xue 2015). After Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, an obvious albino phenotype was observed in transgenic poplar plants.…”

Section: Populusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and roles of the CRISPR system in genome editing of plants

Tang

2016

J. For. Res.

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Genome editing is a valuable tool to target specific DNA sequences for mutagenesis in the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals. Although different genome editing technologies are available, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/ Cas9) system, which utilizes engineered endonucleases to generate a double-stranded DNA break (DSB) in the target DNA region and subsequently stimulates site-specific mutagenesis through DNA repair machineries, is emerging as a powerful genome editing tool for elucidating mechanisms of protection from plant viruses, plant disease resistance, and gene functions in basic and applied research. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the CRISPR system associated genome editing in plants by focusing on application of this technology in model plants, crop plants, fruit plants, woody plants and grasses and discuss how genome editing associated with the CRISPR system can provide insights into genome modifications and functional genomics in plants.

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CRISPRing into the woods

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Unravelling the impact of lignin on cell wall mechanics: a comprehensive study on young poplar trees downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD)

Unravelling the impact of lignin on cell wall mechanics: a comprehensive study on young poplar trees downregulated for CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD)

CRISPR/Cas9: A Practical Approach in Date Palm Genome Editing

Applications and roles of the CRISPR system in genome editing of plants

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