CRISPR Tools in Bacterial Whole-Cell Biocatalysis

Abstract

Biocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemical processes for the production of a wide range of chemicals, providing a sustainable solution to the problem of limited resources due to an ever-increasing global population. This approach involves the use of biobased catalysts, such as whole microorganisms or enzymes, to perform chemical conversions. While whole-cell biocatalysts offer advantages over the use of free enzymes, limitations related to productivity and undesired compound production have been observed when using microorganisms. Offering high specificity, broad applicability, and increased efficiency over traditional genetic engineering methods, CRISPR-based technologies may be the quintessential tool for the fit-for-purpose design of efficient bacterial biocatalysts. In this work, we aim to demonstrate the potential of CRISPR-based technologies to enhance whole-cell bacterial biotransformations for a more sustainable obtention of industrially important products. We have included a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the current state of the art, emphasizing challenges and opportunities for future research. Through a critical analysis of reported examples, we intend to highlight the opportunities and advantages offered by CRISPR-based technologies in the field of biocatalysis for more efficient, sustainable, and translational processes.