CRISPR/Cas9 editing of wheat TaQ genes alters spike morphogenesis and grain threshability

Hui-yun, Liu; Wang, Ke; Tang, Huali; Gong, Qiang; Du, Liangcheng; Pei, Xinwu; Ye, Xingguo

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2020.08.004

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The Q gene encodes an AP2 family TF that controls many agronomic traits, such as plant height, threshability and glume tenacity ( Muramatsu, 1963 ; Kato et al, 1999 , 2003 ; Faris and Gill, 2002 ; Faris et al, 2003 , 2005 ; Xie et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2020 ). To confirm whether the mutation in the Q gene influences plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, and spikelet density, we investigated these four traits of 403 plants in the F 2 population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wheat domestication gene Q encodes an APETALA2 -like transcription factor (TF) that controls domestication traits such as spike morphology, threshability, rachis fragility, plant height, and heading time, thereby affecting grain yield ( Sears, 1954 ; Muramatsu, 1963 ; Kato et al, 1999 , 2003 ; Faris and Gill, 2002 ; Faris et al, 2003 , 2005 ; Xie et al, 2018 ; Debernardi et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 ). The AP2 gene was first identified in Arabidopsis and is known to control flower and seed development ( Jofuku et al, 1994 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of the Q Gene Playing a Role in Spike Morphology Variation in Wheat Mutants and Its Regulatory Network

et al. 2022

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The wheat AP2 family gene Q controls domestication traits, including spike morphology and threshability, which are critical for the widespread cultivation and yield improvement of wheat. Although many studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of the Q gene, its direct target genes, especially those controlling spike morphology, are not clear, and its regulatory pathways are not well established. In this study, we conducted gene mapping of a wheat speltoid spike mutant and found that a new allele of the Q gene with protein truncation played a role in spike morphology variation in the mutant. Dynamic expression levels of the Q gene throughout the spike development process suggested that the transcript abundances of the mutant were decreased at the W6 and W7 scales compared to those of the WT. We identified several mutation sites on the Q gene and showed that mutations in different domains resulted in distinct phenotypes. In addition, we found that the Q gene produced three transcripts via alternative splicing and that they exhibited differential expression patterns in nodes, internodes, flag leaves, and spikes. Finally, we identified several target genes directly downstream of Q, including TaGRF1-2D and TaMGD-6B, and proposed a possible regulatory network. This study uncovered the target genes of Q, and the results can help to clarify the mechanism of wheat spike morphology and thereby improve wheat grain yield.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Q Gene Playing a Role in Spike Morphology Variation in Wheat Mutants and Its Regulatory Network

et al. 2022

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“…The Q gene originated from a single amino acid mutation from the wild type of the q allele and encoded a transcription factor belonging to the APETALA2 (AP2) family [89,94]. The variations between Q and q alleles took place in the conserved coding region, from A to G at position 985 and from C to T at position 1254.…”

Section: Variations From Non-free Threshing To Free Threshingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

Yang

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Allotetraploid durum wheat is the second most widely cultivated wheat, following hexaploid bread wheat, and is one of the major protein and calorie sources of the human diet. However, durum wheat is encountered with a severe grain yield bottleneck due to the erosion of genetic diversity stemming from long-term domestication and especially modern breeding programs. The improvement of yield and grain quality of durum wheat is crucial when confronted with the increasing global population, changing climate environments, and the non-ignorable increasing incidence of wheat-related disorders. This review summarized the domestication and evolution process and discussed the durum wheat re-evolution attempts performed by global researchers using diploid einkorn, tetraploid emmer wheat, hexaploid wheat (particularly the D-subgenome), etc. In addition, the re-evolution of durum wheat would be promoted by the genetic enrichment process, which could diversify allelic combinations through enhancing chromosome recombination (pentaploid hybridization or pairing of homologous chromosomes gene Ph mutant line induced homoeologous recombination) and environmental adaptability via alien introgressive genes (wide cross or distant hybridization followed by embryo rescue), and modifying target genes or traits by molecular approaches, such as CRISPR/Cas9 or RNA interference (RNAi). A brief discussion of the future perspectives for exploring germplasm for the modern improvement and re-evolution of durum wheat is included.

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“…α-Gliadin is one group of gluten proteins in wheat flour that contributes to end-use properties for food processing; however, it contains major immunogenic epitopes that can cause severe health-related problems, such as celiac disease. Mutations of α -/ γ - gliadin , Waxy , and VIT2 resulted in decreased gliadin content ( Jouanin et al., 2019 ) and increased branched starch content ( Liu et al., 2020 ). Recently, high-amylose wheat was generated through targeted mutagenesis of TaSBEIIa in the modern winter wheat cultivar Zhengmai 7698 (ZM) and the spring wheat cultivar Bobwhite by CRISPR/Cas9, providing a new roadmap for breeding novel wheat varieties with increased nutritional values ( Li et al., 2020b ).…”

Section: Overview Of Crispr/cas-mediated Genome Editing In Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and future prospects for wheat improvement through genome editing and advanced technologies

Zhang

et al. 2021

Plant Communications

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Wheat ( Triticum aestivum , 2 n = 6 x = 42, AABBDD) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world. Despite the fact that wheat production has significantly increased over the past decades, future wheat production will face unprecedented challenges from global climate change, increasing world population, and water shortages in arid and semi-arid lands. Furthermore, excessive applications of diverse fertilizers and pesticides are exacerbating environmental pollution and ecological deterioration. To ensure global food and ecosystem security, it is essential to enhance the resilience of wheat production while minimizing environmental pollution through the use of cutting-edge technologies. However, the hexaploid genome and gene redundancy complicate advances in genetic research and precision gene modifications for wheat improvement, thus impeding the breeding of elite wheat cultivars. In this review, we first introduce state-of-the-art genome-editing technologies in crop plants, especially wheat, for both functional genomics and genetic improvement. We then outline applications of other technologies, such as GWAS, high-throughput genotyping and phenotyping, speed breeding, and synthetic biology, in wheat. Finally, we discuss existing challenges in wheat genome editing and future prospects for precision gene modifications using advanced genome-editing technologies. We conclude that the combination of genome editing and other molecular breeding strategies will greatly facilitate genetic improvement of wheat for sustainable global production.

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CRISPR/Cas9 editing of wheat TaQ genes alters spike morphogenesis and grain threshability

Cited by 45 publications

References 54 publications

Identification of the Q Gene Playing a Role in Spike Morphology Variation in Wheat Mutants and Its Regulatory Network

Identification of the Q Gene Playing a Role in Spike Morphology Variation in Wheat Mutants and Its Regulatory Network

Improvement and Re-Evolution of Tetraploid Wheat for Global Environmental Challenge and Diversity Consumption Demand

Present and future prospects for wheat improvement through genome editing and advanced technologies

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