CRISPR-Cas9 and He Jiankui's Case: an Islamic Bioethics Review using Maqasid al-Shari'a and Qawaid Fighiyyah

Alsomali, Nimah; Hussein, Ghaiath

doi:10.1007/s41649-021-00167-1

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Alsomali and Hussein (2021) [28] To argue that from an Loike and Kadish (2018) [30] To analyze, from a Jewish legal perspective, some of the ethical conundrums that society faces in pushing the outer limits in researching these new biotechnologies.…”

Section: Theologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The field of theology surrounding the ethics of genomic engineering revolved around the principles of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Alsomali and Hussein and Isa et al both concluded that therapeutic applications of human genomic modification are ethically justified from an Islamic perspective, but strict regulation needs to be put in place by multi-disciplinary experts [ 28 , 29 ]. Peters and Peters also argued similarly through a Christian perspective [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A theological perspective was perhaps one of the first arguments to develop in relation to human genetic engineering. For example, Islam is shown to take a similar approach to the typical cautions and indications of human genetic editing, allowing it only when any safety or efficacy issues have been resolved [ 28 ]. However, there is an added stipulation that a multi-disciplinary team of Sharia law specialists comes together with bioethicists and scientists to work out the appropriate ethical, religious, and moral conclusions of human genetic editing [ 28 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Islam is shown to take a similar approach to the typical cautions and indications of human genetic editing, allowing it only when any safety or efficacy issues have been resolved [ 28 ]. However, there is an added stipulation that a multi-disciplinary team of Sharia law specialists comes together with bioethicists and scientists to work out the appropriate ethical, religious, and moral conclusions of human genetic editing [ 28 ]. The consensus is that it is permissible when used for medical purposes in the treatment of disease, as such modifications are considered religiously acceptable and within the frame of God’s vision of us [ 29 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ethical Perspectives of Therapeutic Human Genome Editing From Multiple and Diverse Viewpoints: A Scoping Review

Joseph¹,

Karas²,

Ramadan³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Human genome editing has been increasingly explored to determine if it can be used to eradicate genetic diseases like sickle cell disease, but it has also been surrounded by a wide variety of ethical dilemmas. The purpose of this review was to conduct a scoping review of the ethics of therapeutic human genome editing in terms of philosophy, theology, public perspectives, and research ethics. A systemized search of PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science was conducted. The initial search resulted in 4,445 articles, and after removing 1,750 duplicates and screening the remaining 2,695 articles, 27 final articles were selected for the final analysis. From a philosophical and theological standpoint, therapeutic human genome editing was generally ethically acceptable. Worldwide public perspectives were also in agreement except for the Oceanic region, which disagreed mainly due to the possible effects on future generations. Lastly, human research ethics revealed that women were not always included in informed consent, and that child autonomy needs to be preserved. Further research is needed to determine adverse effects on the mother, fetus, and future generations.

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Section: Theologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ethical Perspectives of Therapeutic Human Genome Editing From Multiple and Diverse Viewpoints: A Scoping Review

Joseph¹,

Karas²,

Ramadan³

et al. 2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Maqāṣid and qawā'id fiqhiyyah are complementary and sequential steps (not alternative or interchangeable). Maqāṣid represents "why," and qawā'id fiqhiyyah represents "how" (Alsomali & Hussein, 2021). It has also been suggested that each qawā'id fiqhiyyah is better seen as a principle that applies to most cases with the possibility of a few exceptions (Thalib, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pros and Cons of Separation between Maqāṣid and Uṣūl al-Fiqh (A Study of The Periodization of Maqāṣid History and Responses to Its Independence)

Khoir

2023

Int. J. Ihya’ ’Ulum al-Din

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Interests related to human needs always invite the possibility of the birth of new knowledge. However, if it differs from previous beliefs and ideologies, the findings from the embryonic new knowledge research should be addressed. Currently, the maqāṣid has become the most popular research theme in the field of Islamic legal theory and eclipsed uṣūl al-fiqh was facing such challenges. This article explores the evidence for the pros and cons of the separation between maqāṣid and uṣūl al-fiqh, explains the causes, and predicts the implications. Data was obtained from secondary sources in the form of maqāṣid and uṣūl al-fiqh works, both in the form of books, book reviews, journal articles, and dissertations, obtained from the web and libraries, and then analyzed using content analysis. This paper finds that there are indeed pros and cons of separating maqāṣid and uṣūl al-fiqh. The evidence is: first, there are differences in periodizing the development of maqāṣid; and second, there are differences in responses to efforts to make maqāṣid an independent knowledge. The pros and cons are triggered by differences of opinion regarding the theory of ratiocination, the method of istiqrā', and accusations of utilitarianism. These pros and cons can have implications: positive, because in turn, the Islamic law reform project can be handled more comprehensively, or negative, if the scholars get caught up and struggle with the debate until they forget to respond to real contemporary issues.

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Islamic Perspectives on Polygenic Testing and Selection of IVF Embryos (PGT-P) for Optimal Intelligence and Other Non–Disease-Related Socially Desirable Traits

Chin,

Al-Balas,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

Bioethical Inquiry

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In recent years, the genetic testing and selection of IVF embryos, known as preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), has gained much traction in clinical assisted reproduction for preventing transmission of genetic defects. However, a more recent ethically and morally controversial development in PGT is its possible use in selecting IVF embryos for optimal intelligence quotient (IQ) and other non–disease-related socially desirable traits, such as tallness, fair complexion, athletic ability, and eye and hair colour, based on polygenic risk scores (PRS), in what is referred to as PGT-P. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning–based analysis of big data sets collated from genome sequencing of specific human ethnic populations can be used to estimate an individual embryo’s likelihood of developing such multifactorial traits by analysing the combination of specific genetic variants within its genome. Superficially, this technique appears compliant with Islamic principles and ethics. Because there is no modification of the human genome, there is no tampering with Allah’s creation (taghyīr khalq Allah). Nevertheless, a more critical analysis based on the five maxims of Islamic jurisprudence (qawa'id fiqhiyyah) that are often utilized in discourses on Islamic bioethics, namely qaṣd (intention), yaqın̄ (certainty), ḍarar (injury), ḍarūra (necessity), and `urf (custom), would instead reveal some major ethical and moral flaws of this new medical technology in the selection of non–disease-related socially desirable traits, and its non-compliance with the spirit and essence of Islamic law (shariah). Muslim scholars, jurists, doctors, and biomedical scientists should debate this further and issue a fatwa on this new medical technology platform.

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CRISPR-Cas9 and He Jiankui's Case: an Islamic Bioethics Review using Maqasid al-Shari'a and Qawaid Fighiyyah

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Ethical Perspectives of Therapeutic Human Genome Editing From Multiple and Diverse Viewpoints: A Scoping Review

Ethical Perspectives of Therapeutic Human Genome Editing From Multiple and Diverse Viewpoints: A Scoping Review

Pros and Cons of Separation between Maqāṣid and Uṣūl al-Fiqh (A Study of The Periodization of Maqāṣid History and Responses to Its Independence)

Islamic Perspectives on Polygenic Testing and Selection of IVF Embryos (PGT-P) for Optimal Intelligence and Other Non–Disease-Related Socially Desirable Traits

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